महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-42, verse-28

यमप्रयतमानं तु मानयन्ति स मानितः ।
न मान्यमानो मन्येत नामानादभिसंज्वरेत् ॥२८॥

28. yamaprayatamānaṁ tu mānayanti sa mānitaḥ ,
na mānyamāno manyeta nāmānādabhisaṁjvaret.

28. yam aprayatamānam tu mānayanti saḥ mānitaḥ na
mānyamānaḥ manyeta na amānāt abhisaṃjvaret

28. But if they honor someone who is not striving (for knowledge or discipline), that honored person should not consider himself truly honored. Nor should one grieve over dishonor.

Words meanings summery:

• यम् (yam) - whom, which

• अप्रयतमानम् (aprayatamānam) - not striving for knowledge or spiritual discipline (not striving, not making effort)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• मानयन्ति (mānayanti) - they honor, they respect

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• मानितः (mānitaḥ) - honored, respected

• न (na) - not, no

• मान्यमानः (mānyamānaḥ) - being honored, considered worthy of respect

• मन्येत (manyeta) - one should think, one should consider

• न (na) - not, no

• अमानात् (amānāt) - from dishonor, from disrespect

• अभिसंज्वरेत् (abhisaṁjvaret) - one should grieve, one should be agitated, one should suffer

Words meanings and morphology

यम् (yam) - whom, which

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ya

ya - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun.

अप्रयतमानम् (aprayatamānam) - not striving for knowledge or spiritual discipline (not striving, not making effort)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of aprayatamāna

aprayatamāna - not striving, not making effort

Present Active Participle (negative)

From a- (negative) + pra- (forth) + √yat (to strive) + -māna (present participle suffix for middle voice)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+prayatana)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• prayatat – striving, endeavoring
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Active Participle (middle voice)
  pra + √yat + śānac
  Prefix: pra
  Root: yat (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'yam'.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction indicating contrast.

मानयन्ति (mānayanti) - they honor, they respect

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of √mān

Causative of √man

From √man (to think) + caus. suffix -aya

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Subject is an implied 'people' or 'others'.

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Correlative pronoun to 'yam'.

मानितः (mānitaḥ) - honored, respected

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mānita

mānita - honored, respected

Past Passive Participle

From √mān (to honor, causative)

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Functions as a noun/subject here, "the honored one".

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of negation.

मान्यमानः (mānyamānaḥ) - being honored, considered worthy of respect

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mānyamāna

mānyamāna - being honored, being respected

Present Passive Participle

From √mān (to honor) + -yamāna (passive present participle suffix)

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject of 'manyeta'.

मन्येत (manyeta) - one should think, one should consider

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (vidhiliṅ) of √man

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Implied subject is 'he' (the honored person).

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of negation.

अमानात् (amānāt) - from dishonor, from disrespect

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of amāna

amāna - dishonor, disrespect

From a- (negative) + māna (honor)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+māna)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• māna – honor, respect
  noun (masculine)
  From √man (to think, to honor)
  Root: man (class 4)

Note: Denotes the cause from which sorrow arises.

अभिसंज्वरेत् (abhisaṁjvaret) - one should grieve, one should be agitated, one should suffer

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of √jvṛ

Prefixes: abhi+sam

Root: jvṛ (class 1)

Note: Implied subject is 'one'.