महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-42, verse-21

यो वाकथयमानस्य आत्मानं नानुसंज्वरेत् ।
ब्रह्मस्वं नोपभुञ्जेद्वा तदन्नं संमतं सताम् ॥२१॥

21. yo vākathayamānasya ātmānaṁ nānusaṁjvaret ,
brahmasvaṁ nopabhuñjedvā tadannaṁ saṁmataṁ satām.

21. yaḥ vā akathayamānasya ātmānam na anusaṃjvaret
brahmasvam na upabhuñjet vā tat annam saṃmatam satām

21. Whoever, even without expressing his needs, does not afflict his own self (ātman) with worry, or who does not consume property belonging to a brāhmaṇa (brahmasvam) – food consumed by such a person is approved by the virtuous.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - whoever (who, whoever)

• वा (vā) - or (or, either)

• अकथयमानस्य (akathayamānasya) - of one who does not express (his needs) (of one who does not speak/express/proclaim)

• आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - his own self (ātman) (self, soul, spirit)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• अनुसंज्वरेत् (anusaṁjvaret) - he should afflict (with worry) (he should be anxious, he should suffer, he should worry)

• ब्रह्मस्वम् (brahmasvam) - property belonging to a brāhmaṇa (brahmasvam) (property of a brāhmaṇa, sacred property)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• उपभुञ्जेत् (upabhuñjet) - he should consume (or use) (he should consume, he should enjoy, he should use)

• वा (vā) - or (or, either)

• तत् (tat) - such (food) (that, such)

• अन्नम् (annam) - food (food, sustenance)

• संमतम् (saṁmatam) - is approved (approved, esteemed, honored)

• सताम् (satām) - by the virtuous (of the virtuous, of the good people)

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - whoever (who, whoever)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

वा (vā) - or (or, either)

(indeclinable)

अकथयमानस्य (akathayamānasya) - of one who does not express (his needs) (of one who does not speak/express/proclaim)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of akathayamāna

akathayamāna - not speaking, not expressing, not proclaiming

Present Middle Participle (negated)

From `a-` (negation) + root `kath` (to speak, tell) + `śānac` suffix.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+kathayamāna)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• kathayamāna – speaking, telling, proclaiming
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Middle Participle
  From root `kath` (to speak) + `śānac` suffix, with secondary conjugation form `kathaya`.
  Root: kath (class 10)

Note: Used adverbially here: 'even of one not speaking', implying the person himself.

आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - his own self (ātman) (self, soul, spirit)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

अनुसंज्वरेत् (anusaṁjvaret) - he should afflict (with worry) (he should be anxious, he should suffer, he should worry)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of anusaṃjvar

Optative Active

Optative mood, 3rd person singular active from `anu-` + `sam-` + root `jvar` (to suffer, to be feverish).

Prefixes: anu+sam

Root: jvar (class 1)

ब्रह्मस्वम् (brahmasvam) - property belonging to a brāhmaṇa (brahmasvam) (property of a brāhmaṇa, sacred property)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of brahmasva

brahmasva - property of a brāhmaṇa, sacred property

Compound type : tatpurusha (brahman+sva)

• brahman – Brahmin, ultimate reality, sacred knowledge
  noun (neuter)
• sva – one's own, property, wealth
  noun (neuter)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

उपभुञ्जेत् (upabhuñjet) - he should consume (or use) (he should consume, he should enjoy, he should use)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of upabhuj

Optative Active

Optative mood, 3rd person singular active from `upa-` + root `bhuj` (to enjoy, eat, consume).

Prefix: upa

Root: bhuj (class 7)

वा (vā) - or (or, either)

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - such (food) (that, such)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the qualities of the person/food described.

अन्नम् (annam) - food (food, sustenance)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anna

anna - food, grain, cooked rice

Past Passive Participle (used as noun)

From root `ad` (to eat) with `kta` suffix. Literally 'that which is eaten'.

Root: ad (class 2)

संमतम् (saṁmatam) - is approved (approved, esteemed, honored)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of saṃmata

saṁmata - approved, agreed, esteemed, desired

Past Passive Participle

From `sam-` + root `man` (to think, believe) with `kta` suffix.

Prefix: sam

Root: man (class 4)

सताम् (satām) - by the virtuous (of the virtuous, of the good people)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sat

sat - being, existing, good, virtuous, real

Present Active Participle (used as noun)

From root `as` (to be) + `śatṛ` suffix.

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Used as a substantive, 'of the virtuous ones'.