महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-42, verse-11

तमोऽप्रकाशो भूतानां नरकोऽयं प्रदृश्यते ।
गृह्यन्त इव धावन्ति गच्छन्तः श्वभ्रमुन्मुखाः ॥११॥

11. tamo'prakāśo bhūtānāṁ narako'yaṁ pradṛśyate ,
gṛhyanta iva dhāvanti gacchantaḥ śvabhramunmukhāḥ.

11. tamaḥ aprakāśaḥ bhūtānām narakaḥ ayam pradṛśyate
gṛhyante iva dhāvanti gacchantaḥ śvabhram unmukhāḥ

11. This darkness and absence of light for living beings is perceived as hell. They run as if seized, moving with their faces turned downwards towards a deep pit.

Words meanings summery:

• तमः (tamaḥ) - darkness, gloom, ignorance (tamas)

• अप्रकाशः (aprakāśaḥ) - lack of illumination, ignorance (absence of light, darkness, lack of illumination)

• भूतानाम् (bhūtānām) - of beings, of creatures, of living things

• नरकः (narakaḥ) - hell, Hades, underworld

• अयम् (ayam) - this

• प्रदृश्यते (pradṛśyate) - is seen, is perceived, appears

• गृह्यन्ते (gṛhyante) - they are seized, they are caught, they are grasped

• इव (iva) - as if, like, similar to

• धावन्ति (dhāvanti) - they run, they rush, they flow

• गच्छन्तः (gacchantaḥ) - going, moving, proceeding

• श्वभ्रम् (śvabhram) - pit, chasm, abyss, deep hole

• उन्मुखाः (unmukhāḥ) - with faces turned downwards (towards the pit) (facing, looking towards, having the face turned up/towards)

Words meanings and morphology

तमः (tamaḥ) - darkness, gloom, ignorance (tamas)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, gloom, ignorance (tamas), inertia (tamas)

अप्रकाशः (aprakāśaḥ) - lack of illumination, ignorance (absence of light, darkness, lack of illumination)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aprakāśa

aprakāśa - not light, darkness, obscurity, ignorance

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+prakāśa)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
• prakāśa – light, brightness, manifestation, illumination
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: kāś (class 1)

भूतानाम् (bhūtānām) - of beings, of creatures, of living things

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of bhūta

bhūta - being, creature, element, ghost, past

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root bhū (to be)

Root: bhū (class 1)

नरकः (narakaḥ) - hell, Hades, underworld

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of naraka

naraka - hell, infernal region, underworld

अयम् (ayam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

प्रदृश्यते (pradṛśyate) - is seen, is perceived, appears

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (lat) of dṛś

Prefix: pra

Root: dṛś (class 1)

गृह्यन्ते (gṛhyante) - they are seized, they are caught, they are grasped

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, present (lat) of grah

Root: grah (class 9)

इव (iva) - as if, like, similar to

(indeclinable)

धावन्ति (dhāvanti) - they run, they rush, they flow

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of dhāv

Root: dhāv (class 1)

गच्छन्तः (gacchantaḥ) - going, moving, proceeding

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gacchat

gacchat - going, moving, proceeding

Present Active Participle

Derived from root gam (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

श्वभ्रम् (śvabhram) - pit, chasm, abyss, deep hole

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śvabhra

śvabhra - pit, chasm, abyss, deep hole

उन्मुखाः (unmukhāḥ) - with faces turned downwards (towards the pit) (facing, looking towards, having the face turned up/towards)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of unmukha

unmukha - having the face turned upwards, facing, inclined towards, eager

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ud+mukha)

• ud – up, upwards, out
  indeclinable
• mukha – face, mouth, front, opening
  noun (neuter)