महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-42, verse-22

यथा स्वं वान्तमश्नाति श्वा वै नित्यमभूतये ।
एवं ते वान्तमश्नन्ति स्ववीर्यस्योपजीवनात् ॥२२॥

22. yathā svaṁ vāntamaśnāti śvā vai nityamabhūtaye ,
evaṁ te vāntamaśnanti svavīryasyopajīvanāt.

22. yathā svam vāntam aśnāti śvā vai nityam abhūtaye
evam te vāntam aśnanti svavīryasya upajīvanāt

22. Just as a dog habitually eats its own vomit, which is always for its detriment, similarly, those people consume their own vomit by subsisting solely on their own power.

Words meanings summery:

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as, like

• स्वम् (svam) - own, one's own

• वान्तम् (vāntam) - vomited, vomit

• अश्नाति (aśnāti) - eats, consumes

• श्वा (śvā) - a dog

• वै (vai) - indeed, verily, certainly

• नित्यम् (nityam) - always, perpetually, habitually

• अभूतये (abhūtaye) - for detriment, for non-wellbeing, for ruin

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, similarly

• ते (te) - they, those people

• वान्तम् (vāntam) - vomited, vomit

• अश्नन्ति (aśnanti) - they eat, they consume

• स्ववीर्यस्य (svavīryasya) - of one's own strength, of one's own power

• उपजीवनात् (upajīvanāt) - by subsisting, by living upon, from livelihood

Words meanings and morphology

यथा (yathā) - as, just as, like

(indeclinable)

स्वम् (svam) - own, one's own

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sva

sva - own, one's own, property, wealth

Note: Used here as an adjective modifying 'vāntam'.

वान्तम् (vāntam) - vomited, vomit

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vānta

vānta - vomited, ejected, vomit

Past Passive Participle

From root 'vam' (to vomit) + 'kta' suffix.

Root: vam (class 1)

अश्नाति (aśnāti) - eats, consumes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of aś

Root: aś (class 9)

श्वा (śvā) - a dog

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śvan

śvan - dog

वै (vai) - indeed, verily, certainly

(indeclinable)

नित्यम् (nityam) - always, perpetually, habitually

(indeclinable)

अभूतये (abhūtaye) - for detriment, for non-wellbeing, for ruin

(noun)

Dative, feminine, singular of abhūti

abhūti - non-existence, detriment, misfortune, ruin

From 'a' (negation) + 'bhūti' (well-being, prosperity).

Prefix: a

Root: bhū (class 1)

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, similarly

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - they, those people

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

वान्तम् (vāntam) - vomited, vomit

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vānta

vānta - vomited, ejected, vomit

Past Passive Participle

From root 'vam' (to vomit) + 'kta' suffix.

Root: vam (class 1)

अश्नन्ति (aśnanti) - they eat, they consume

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of aś

Root: aś (class 9)

स्ववीर्यस्य (svavīryasya) - of one's own strength, of one's own power

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of svavīrya

svavīrya - one's own strength, own power, personal valor

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+vīrya)

• sva – own, one's own
  pronoun (masculine)
• vīrya – strength, power, energy, valor
  noun (neuter)

उपजीवनात् (upajīvanāt) - by subsisting, by living upon, from livelihood

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of upajīvana

upajīvana - subsistence, livelihood, living upon

Derived from root 'jīv' (to live) with prefix 'upa' and suffix 'lyuṭ'.

Prefix: upa

Root: jīv (class 1)