महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-42, verse-18

सनत्सुजात उवाच ।
येषां बले न विस्पर्धा बले बलवतामिव ।
ते ब्राह्मणा इतः प्रेत्य स्वर्गलोके प्रकाशते ॥१८॥

18. sanatsujāta uvāca ,
yeṣāṁ bale na vispardhā bale balavatāmiva ,
te brāhmaṇā itaḥ pretya svargaloke prakāśate.

18. sanatsujātaḥ uvāca yeṣām bale na vispardhā bale balavatām
iva te brāhmaṇāḥ itaḥ pretya svargaloke prakāśate

18. Sanatsujāta said: Those brāhmaṇas who do not engage in rivalry with their strength, unlike the competitive strength of the powerful, shine in the heavenly realm (svargaloka) after departing from this world.

Words meanings summery:

• सनत्सुजातः (sanatsujātaḥ) - The sage Sanatsujāta, speaker of these verses (Sanatsujāta)

• उवाच (uvāca) - (Sanatsujāta) said (said, spoke)

• येषाम् (yeṣām) - of those (brāhmaṇas) (of whom, whose)

• बले (bale) - in their (inner) strength (in strength, in power)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• विस्पर्धा (vispardhā) - (no) rivalry (rivalry, competition, emulation)

• बले (bale) - in the strength (of the powerful) (in strength, in power)

• बलवताम् (balavatām) - of the powerful (people) (of the powerful, of the strong ones)

• इव (iva) - unlike, in contrast to (like, as, as if)

• ते (te) - those (brāhmaṇas) (those, they)

• ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - those (wise, self-controlled) brāhmaṇas (brāhmaṇas, Brahmins)

• इतः (itaḥ) - from this world (from here, hence)

• प्रेत्य (pretya) - after departing (from this world) (having gone forth, having died, after death)

• स्वर्गलोके (svargaloke) - in the heavenly realm (svargaloka) (in the heavenly world, in svargaloka)

• प्रकाशते (prakāśate) - they shine (referring to plural brāhmaṇāḥ, verb form is singular but used idiomatically for collective or class) (shines, appears, becomes manifest)

Words meanings and morphology

सनत्सुजातः (sanatsujātaḥ) - The sage Sanatsujāta, speaker of these verses (Sanatsujāta)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sanatsujāta

sanatsujāta - name of a sage, eternally young

उवाच (uvāca) - (Sanatsujāta) said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular active, from root vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

येषाम् (yeṣām) - of those (brāhmaṇas) (of whom, whose)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

बले (bale) - in their (inner) strength (in strength, in power)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, might, force

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

विस्पर्धा (vispardhā) - (no) rivalry (rivalry, competition, emulation)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vispardhā

vispardhā - rivalry, competition, emulation

From `vi-` + root `spardh` (to vie, to compete)

Prefix: vi

Root: spardh (class 1)

बले (bale) - in the strength (of the powerful) (in strength, in power)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, might, force

बलवताम् (balavatām) - of the powerful (people) (of the powerful, of the strong ones)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of balavat

balavat - powerful, strong, mighty

Derived from `bala` (strength) with suffix `matup` (possessing)

Note: Adjective used as a substantive.

इव (iva) - unlike, in contrast to (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - those (brāhmaṇas) (those, they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - those (wise, self-controlled) brāhmaṇas (brāhmaṇas, Brahmins)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin, one belonging to the priestly class; related to brahman

इतः (itaḥ) - from this world (from here, hence)

(indeclinable)

Suffixed with -tas.

प्रेत्य (pretya) - after departing (from this world) (having gone forth, having died, after death)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From `pra-` + root `i` (to go) + `-tya` suffix for absolutive.

Prefix: pra

Root: i (class 2)

स्वर्गलोके (svargaloke) - in the heavenly realm (svargaloka) (in the heavenly world, in svargaloka)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of svargaloka

svargaloka - heavenly world, celestial realm

Compound type : tatpurusha (svarga+loka)

• svarga – heaven, paradise
  noun (masculine)
• loka – world, realm, people
  noun (masculine)

प्रकाशते (prakāśate) - they shine (referring to plural brāhmaṇāḥ, verb form is singular but used idiomatically for collective or class) (shines, appears, becomes manifest)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of prakāś

Present Middle

Present tense, 3rd person singular middle (ātmanepada) from root `kāś` with `pra`.

Prefix: pra

Root: kāś (class 1)

Note: Verb form is singular but refers to a plural subject `brāhmaṇāḥ`, common in some classical contexts to indicate a class or general truth.