महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-42, verse-20

यत्राकथयमानस्य प्रयच्छत्यशिवं भयम् ।
अतिरिक्तमिवाकुर्वन्स श्रेयान्नेतरो जनः ॥२०॥

20. yatrākathayamānasya prayacchatyaśivaṁ bhayam ,
atiriktamivākurvansa śreyānnetaro janaḥ.

20. yatra akathayamānasya prayacchati aśivam bhayam
atirikktam iva akurvan saḥ śreyān na itaraḥ janaḥ

20. Where inauspicious fear arises for one who does not express his troubles, he who acts as if not doing anything excessive is superior, not others.

Words meanings summery:

• यत्र (yatra) - where (in a situation) (where, in which, when)

• अकथयमानस्य (akathayamānasya) - of one who does not express his troubles (of one who does not speak/express/proclaim)

• प्रयच्छति (prayacchati) - arises (causes itself) (gives, offers, causes, produces)

• अशिवम् (aśivam) - inauspicious (inauspicious, evil, harmful)

• भयम् (bhayam) - fear (fear, danger)

• अतिरिक्क्तम् (atirikktam) - excessive (action) (excessive, superfluous, abundant)

• इव (iva) - as if (like, as, as if)

• अकुर्वन् (akurvan) - not doing (anything excessive) (not doing, not acting)

• सः (saḥ) - he (he, that (person))

• श्रेयान् (śreyān) - is superior (superior, better, excellent)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• इतरः (itaraḥ) - the other (other, another)

• जनः (janaḥ) - person (person, man, people)

Words meanings and morphology

यत्र (yatra) - where (in a situation) (where, in which, when)

(indeclinable)

अकथयमानस्य (akathayamānasya) - of one who does not express his troubles (of one who does not speak/express/proclaim)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of akathayamāna

akathayamāna - not speaking, not expressing, not proclaiming

Present Middle Participle (negated)

From `a-` (negation) + root `kath` (to speak, tell) + `śānac` suffix.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+kathayamāna)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• kathayamāna – speaking, telling, proclaiming
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Middle Participle
  From root `kath` (to speak) + `śānac` suffix, with secondary conjugation form `kathaya`.
  Root: kath (class 10)

Note: Used as a substantive, referring to 'of the one who does not speak'.

प्रयच्छति (prayacchati) - arises (causes itself) (gives, offers, causes, produces)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of prayam

Present Active

Present tense, 3rd person singular active from `pra-` + root `yam` (to give, offer).

Prefix: pra

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: The subject is `bhayam` (fear).

अशिवम् (aśivam) - inauspicious (inauspicious, evil, harmful)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of aśiva

aśiva - inauspicious, unpropitious, evil, harmful

From `a-` (negation) + `śiva` (auspicious, benevolent).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+śiva)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• śiva – auspicious, benevolent, happy
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Modifies `bhayam`.

भयम् (bhayam) - fear (fear, danger)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, dread, danger

From root `bhī` (to fear) with `ac` suffix.

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Subject of `prayacchati`.

अतिरिक्क्तम् (atirikktam) - excessive (action) (excessive, superfluous, abundant)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of atirikta

atirikta - excessive, superfluous, left over

Past Passive Participle

From `ati-` + root `ric` (to leave, to be excessive) with `kta` suffix.

Prefix: ati

Root: ric (class 7)

Note: Used adverbially here or as object of `akurvan`.

इव (iva) - as if (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

अकुर्वन् (akurvan) - not doing (anything excessive) (not doing, not acting)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of akurvat

akurvat - not doing, not making

Present Active Participle (negated)

From `a-` (negation) + root `kṛ` (to do, to make) + `śatṛ` suffix.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+kurvat)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• kurvat – doing, making
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  From root `kṛ` (to do, to make) + `śatṛ` suffix.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Modifies `saḥ`.

सः (saḥ) - he (he, that (person))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

श्रेयान् (śreyān) - is superior (superior, better, excellent)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śreyas

śreyas - better, best, superior, welfare, spiritual good

Comparative degree of `praśasya` (excellent).

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

इतरः (itaraḥ) - the other (other, another)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of itara

itara - other, another, different

Note: Used as a substantive.

जनः (janaḥ) - person (person, man, people)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jana

jana - person, man, creature, people

From root `jan` (to be born).

Root: jan (class 4)