महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-42, verse-16

सनत्सुजात उवाच ।
उभयमेव तत्रोपभुज्यते फलं धर्मस्यैवेतरस्य च ।
धर्मेणाधर्मं प्रणुदतीह विद्वान्धर्मो बलीयानिति तस्य विद्धि ॥१६॥

16. sanatsujāta uvāca ,
ubhayameva tatropabhujyate phalaṁ; dharmasyaivetarasya ca ,
dharmeṇādharmaṁ praṇudatīha vidvā;ndharmo balīyāniti tasya viddhi.

16. sanatsujāta uvāca | ubhayam eva tatra
upabhujyate phalam dharmasya eva itarasya
ca | dharmeṇa adharmam praṇudati iha
vidvān dharmaḥ balīyān iti tasya viddhi

16. Sanatsujāta said: Indeed, both results are experienced there: that of natural law (dharma) and that of its opposite. A wise person here dispels unrighteousness (adharma) through natural law (dharma); therefore, know that natural law (dharma) is more powerful.

Words meanings summery:

• सनत्सुजात (sanatsujāta) - Sanatsujāta

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• उभयम् (ubhayam) - both

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• उपभुज्यते (upabhujyate) - is enjoyed, is experienced, is consumed

• फलम् (phalam) - fruit, result, reward

• धर्मस्य (dharmasya) - of natural law, of virtue, of righteousness

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

• इतरस्य (itarasya) - of the other, of its opposite

• च (ca) - and

• धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - by natural law, by virtue

• अधर्मम् (adharmam) - unrighteousness, evil, vice

• प्रणुदति (praṇudati) - dispels, drives away, repels

• इह (iha) - here, in this world

• विद्वान् (vidvān) - a wise person, knowing

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law, virtue, righteousness

• बलीयान् (balīyān) - stronger, more powerful

• इति (iti) - therefore (thus, so (marks direct or indirect speech/thought))

• तस्य (tasya) - this (referring to the preceding statement) (of that, this)

• विद्धि (viddhi) - know!

Words meanings and morphology

सनत्सुजात (sanatsujāta) - Sanatsujāta

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sanatsujāta

sanatsujāta - Sanatsujata (a proper name, name of a sage)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Root: vac (class 2)

उभयम् (ubhayam) - both

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ubhaya

ubhaya - both, twofold

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

(indeclinable)

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

उपभुज्यते (upabhujyate) - is enjoyed, is experienced, is consumed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (lat) of upabhuj

Present Passive

Root with prefix upa-

Prefix: upa

Root: bhuj (class 7)

फलम् (phalam) - fruit, result, reward

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of phala

phala - fruit, result, consequence, reward

धर्मस्य (dharmasya) - of natural law, of virtue, of righteousness

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, virtue

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

(indeclinable)

इतरस्य (itarasya) - of the other, of its opposite

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of itara

itara - other, another, different

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - by natural law, by virtue

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, virtue

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

अधर्मम् (adharmam) - unrighteousness, evil, vice

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of adharma

adharma - unrighteousness, injustice, vice, evil, non-duty

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+dharma)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• dharma – natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

प्रणुदति (praṇudati) - dispels, drives away, repels

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of praṇud

Present Active

Root with prefix pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: ṇud (class 6)

इह (iha) - here, in this world

(indeclinable)

विद्वान् (vidvān) - a wise person, knowing

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidvat

vidvat - knowing, learned, wise

Present Active Participle

Derived from the root √vid (to know) with the Śatṛ affix.

Root: vid (class 2)

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law, virtue, righteousness

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, virtue

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

बलीयान् (balīyān) - stronger, more powerful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of balīyas

balīyas - stronger, more powerful, very powerful

Comparative form of 'balin' (strong).

इति (iti) - therefore (thus, so (marks direct or indirect speech/thought))

(indeclinable)

तस्य (tasya) - this (referring to the preceding statement) (of that, this)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

विद्धि (viddhi) - know!

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (lot) of vid

Imperative Active

Root: vid (class 2)