महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-147, verse-13

एवं ज्येष्ठोऽप्यथोत्सिक्तो न राज्यमभिजायते ।
यवीयांसोऽभिजायन्ते राज्यं वृद्धोपसेवया ॥१३॥

13. evaṁ jyeṣṭho'pyathotsikto na rājyamabhijāyate ,
yavīyāṁso'bhijāyante rājyaṁ vṛddhopasevayā.

13. evam jyeṣṭhaḥ api atha utsiktaḥ na rājyam abhijāyate
yavīyāṃsaḥ abhijāyante rājyam vṛddhopasevayā

13. evam atha utsiktaḥ jyeṣṭhaḥ api rājyam na abhijāyate
yavīyāṃsaḥ vṛddhopasevayā rājyam abhijāyante

13. Thus, even an arrogant (utsikta) eldest son does not inherit the kingdom (rājya). Rather, the younger sons inherit the kingdom (rājya) through their service to the elders (vṛddha).

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

• ज्येष्ठः (jyeṣṭhaḥ) - the eldest son (the eldest, senior most)

• अपि (api) - even, also

• अथ (atha) - then, and, moreover

• उत्सिक्तः (utsiktaḥ) - an arrogant (eldest son) (arrogant, haughty, swollen)

• न (na) - not, no

• राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, sovereignty

• अभिजायते (abhijāyate) - is born to, obtains, inherits

• यवीयांसः (yavīyāṁsaḥ) - the younger sons (the youngest, younger ones)

• अभिजायन्ते (abhijāyante) - they are born to, they obtain, they inherit

• राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, sovereignty

• वृद्धोपसेवया (vṛddhopasevayā) - by service to elders, by honoring elders

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

(indeclinable)

ज्येष्ठः (jyeṣṭhaḥ) - the eldest son (the eldest, senior most)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jyeṣṭha

jyeṣṭha - eldest, senior, chief

Superlative form, related to vṛddha (old).

अपि (api) - even, also

(indeclinable)

अथ (atha) - then, and, moreover

(indeclinable)

उत्सिक्तः (utsiktaḥ) - an arrogant (eldest son) (arrogant, haughty, swollen)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of utsikta

utsikta - poured out, overflowing, arrogant, haughty

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root sic (to sprinkle, pour) with prefix ud (up, out).

Prefix: ud

Root: sic (class 6)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, sovereignty

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, sovereignty, dominion

अभिजायते (abhijāyate) - is born to, obtains, inherits

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (Laṭ) of abhijan

Prefix: abhi

Root: jan (class 4)

यवीयांसः (yavīyāṁsaḥ) - the younger sons (the youngest, younger ones)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yavīyas

yavīyas - younger, youngest

Comparative/superlative form of yuvan (young).

अभिजायन्ते (abhijāyante) - they are born to, they obtain, they inherit

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (Laṭ) of abhijan

Prefix: abhi

Root: jan (class 4)

राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, sovereignty

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, sovereignty, dominion

वृद्धोपसेवया (vṛddhopasevayā) - by service to elders, by honoring elders

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of vṛddhopasevā

vṛddhopasevā - service to elders, respect for elders

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vṛddha+upasevā)

• vṛddha – old, aged, elder, respected
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root vṛdh (to grow, increase).
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)
• upasevā – service, attendance, worship, respect
  noun (feminine)
  Prefix: upa
  Root: sev (class 1)