महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-142, verse-5

राजा तु धृतराष्ट्रोऽयं वयोवृद्धो न शाम्यति ।
मत्तः पुत्रमदेनैव विधर्मे पथि वर्तते ॥५॥

5. rājā tu dhṛtarāṣṭro'yaṁ vayovṛddho na śāmyati ,
mattaḥ putramadenaiva vidharme pathi vartate.

5. rājā tu dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ ayam vayovṛddhaḥ na śāmyati
mattaḥ putramadena eva vidharme pathi vartate

5. ayam rājā dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ vayovṛddhaḥ tu putramadena eva mattaḥ (san) na śāmyati,
(saḥ) vidharme pathi vartate.

5. But this King Dhritarashtra, despite his old age, does not become peaceful. Intoxicated by the arrogance of his sons, he is acting on a path contrary to natural law (dharma).

Words meanings summery:

• राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

• तु (tu) - but, however, indeed

• धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - King Dhritarashtra, father of the Kauravas (Dhritarashtra)

• अयम् (ayam) - this, he

• वयोवृद्धः (vayovṛddhaḥ) - aged, old

• न (na) - not, no

• शाम्यति (śāmyati) - he calms down, becomes peaceful, is pacified

• मत्तः (mattaḥ) - intoxicated, maddened, proud, arrogant

• पुत्रमदेन (putramadena) - by the pride/intoxication of his sons

• एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, certainly

• विधर्मे (vidharme) - in unrighteousness, on a path contrary to natural law (dharma)

• पथि (pathi) - on the path, in the way

• वर्तते (vartate) - he acts, he proceeds, he exists, he behaves

Words meanings and morphology

राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, prince, sovereign

तु (tu) - but, however, indeed

(indeclinable)

धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - King Dhritarashtra, father of the Kauravas (Dhritarashtra)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhritarashtra (name of a king); one who upholds the kingdom

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dhṛta+rāṣṭra)

• dhṛta – held, supported, sustained, firm; kept, preserved
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √dhṛ (to hold, support)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, realm, country, empire
  noun (neuter)

अयम् (ayam) - this, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one, he, she, it

वयोवृद्धः (vayovṛddhaḥ) - aged, old

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vayovṛddha

vayovṛddha - aged, old; grown in age

Compound type : tatpurusha (vayas+vṛddha)

• vayas – age, youth, vigor, strength
  noun (neuter)
• vṛddha – grown, old, aged, increased, augmented
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √vṛdh (to grow, increase)
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

शाम्यति (śāmyati) - he calms down, becomes peaceful, is pacified

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of śam

Root: śam (class 4)

मत्तः (mattaḥ) - intoxicated, maddened, proud, arrogant

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of matta

matta - intoxicated, drunken, mad, arrogant, proud

Past Passive Participle

From root √mad (to be intoxicated, delighted, proud)

Root: mad (class 4)

पुत्रमदेन (putramadena) - by the pride/intoxication of his sons

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of putramada

putramada - pride or intoxication caused by having sons

Compound type : tatpurusha (putra+mada)

• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)
• mada – intoxication, arrogance, pride, delight, passion
  noun (masculine)

एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

विधर्मे (vidharme) - in unrighteousness, on a path contrary to natural law (dharma)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vidharma

vidharma - unrighteousness, wickedness, breach of natural law (dharma)

Compound type : tatpurusha (vi+dharma)

• vi – prefix indicating separation, distinctness, opposition, negation
  indeclinable
• dharma – natural law, righteousness, constitution, duty, virtue, moral law
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

पथि (pathi) - on the path, in the way

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of pathin

pathin - path, road, way, course

वर्तते (vartate) - he acts, he proceeds, he exists, he behaves

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of vṛt

Root: vṛt (class 1)