महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-142, verse-12

पाण्डवाश्चेदिपाञ्चाला यादवाश्च समागताः ।
भारतैर्यदि योत्स्यन्ति किं नु दुःखमतः परम् ॥१२॥

12. pāṇḍavāścedipāñcālā yādavāśca samāgatāḥ ,
bhāratairyadi yotsyanti kiṁ nu duḥkhamataḥ param.

12. pāṇḍavāḥ ca cedipāñcālāḥ yādavāḥ ca samāgatāḥ
bhārataiḥ yadi yotsyanti kim nu duḥkham ataḥ param

12. yadi pāṇḍavāḥ ca cedipāñcālāḥ ca yādavāḥ samāgatāḥ
bhārataiḥ yotsyanti ataḥ param kim nu duḥkham

12. If the Pāṇḍavas, along with the Cedis, the Pāñcālas, and the Yādavas, having gathered, will fight against the Bhāratas, what sorrow (duḥkha) indeed could be greater than this?

Words meanings summery:

• पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pandavas, sons of Pandu

• च (ca) - and, also

• चेदिपाञ्चालाः (cedipāñcālāḥ) - the Cedis and the Pancalas (people from Cedi and Pancala regions)

• यादवाः (yādavāḥ) - the Yadavas (descendants of Yadu)

• च (ca) - and, also

• समागताः (samāgatāḥ) - assembled, gathered, come together

• भारतैः (bhārataiḥ) - by/with the Kauravas, the opposing side in the Mahabharata war (by/with the Bharatas (descendants of Bharata))

• यदि (yadi) - if

• योत्स्यन्ति (yotsyanti) - they will fight

• किम् (kim) - what, which, why

• नु (nu) - indeed, then, now

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, misery, suffering

• अतः (ataḥ) - from this, than this, therefore

• परम् (param) - greater, higher, supreme, next

Words meanings and morphology

पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pandavas, sons of Pandu

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pandu, the Pandavas

derivative from Pandu

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

चेदिपाञ्चालाः (cedipāñcālāḥ) - the Cedis and the Pancalas (people from Cedi and Pancala regions)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of cedipāñcāla

cedipāñcāla - the Cedis and Pancalas

Compound type : dvandva (cedi+pāñcāla)

• cedi – the Cedi people or kingdom
  proper noun (masculine)
• pāñcāla – the Pancala people or kingdom
  proper noun (masculine)

यादवाः (yādavāḥ) - the Yadavas (descendants of Yadu)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yādava

yādava - a descendant of Yadu, the Yadavas

derivative from Yadu

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

समागताः (samāgatāḥ) - assembled, gathered, come together

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of samāgata

samāgata - assembled, gathered, arrived, met

past passive participle

from root `gam` with prefixes `sam-ā`

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

भारतैः (bhārataiḥ) - by/with the Kauravas, the opposing side in the Mahabharata war (by/with the Bharatas (descendants of Bharata))

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bhārata

bhārata - a descendant of Bharata, an Indian, a warrior of the Bharata lineage

derivative from Bharata

यदि (yadi) - if

(indeclinable)

योत्स्यन्ति (yotsyanti) - they will fight

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, future (lṛṭ) of yudh

future tense, 3rd person plural, active voice

Root: yudh (class 4)

किम् (kim) - what, which, why

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, why

Note: used as an interrogative pronoun/adjective

नु (nu) - indeed, then, now

(indeclinable)

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, misery, suffering

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, pain, suffering, misery

अतः (ataḥ) - from this, than this, therefore

(indeclinable)

Note: used in comparison ('than this')

परम् (param) - greater, higher, supreme, next

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of para

para - other, another, next, supreme, highest, greater

Note: modifies 'duḥkham'