महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-142, verse-13

पश्ये दोषं ध्रुवं युद्धे तथा युद्धे पराभवम् ।
अधनस्य मृतं श्रेयो न हि ज्ञातिक्षये जयः ॥१३॥

13. paśye doṣaṁ dhruvaṁ yuddhe tathā yuddhe parābhavam ,
adhanasya mṛtaṁ śreyo na hi jñātikṣaye jayaḥ.

13. paśye doṣaṃ dhruvaṃ yuddhe tathā yuddhe parābhavam
adhanasya mṛtaṃ śreyaḥ na hi jñātīkṣaye jayaḥ

13. paśye dhruvaṃ doṣaṃ yuddhe tathā yuddhe parābhavam
adhanasya mṛtaṃ śreyaḥ hi jñātīkṣaye jayaḥ na

13. I would surely perceive the inherent flaw in war, as well as the certainty of defeat. Death is preferable for one deprived of wealth. Indeed, there is no victory in the destruction of one's relatives.

Words meanings summery:

• पश्ये (paśye) - I would certainly perceive (the speaker's perspective) (I would see, I would perceive)

• दोषं (doṣaṁ) - inherent flaw, defect (fault, defect, sin, evil)

• ध्रुवं (dhruvaṁ) - certainty, inevitability (certainly, surely, fixed, permanent)

• युद्धे (yuddhe) - in the context of armed conflict (in battle, in war)

• तथा (tathā) - and, similarly (thus, so, in that manner, similarly, and)

• युद्धे (yuddhe) - in the context of armed conflict (in battle, in war)

• पराभवम् (parābhavam) - the certainty of defeat (defeat, overthrow, humiliation)

• अधनस्य (adhanasya) - of one deprived of resources or support (of one without wealth, of the poor)

• मृतं (mṛtaṁ) - the state of being dead, death (death, dead, a dead body)

• श्रेयः (śreyaḥ) - preferable, better (thing) (better, superior, more excellent, welfare, bliss)

• न (na) - negation (not, no)

• हि (hi) - indeed, certainly (indeed, surely, because, for)

• ज्ञातीक्षये (jñātīkṣaye) - in the annihilation of one's own family and clan (in the destruction of kinsmen, in the loss of relatives)

• जयः (jayaḥ) - true victory (victory, triumph)

Words meanings and morphology

पश्ये (paśye) - I would certainly perceive (the speaker's perspective) (I would see, I would perceive)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of dṛś

Optative Mood, 1st Person, Singular

Optative form of the root 'dṛś' (to see), using the 'paśya' stem.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

दोषं (doṣaṁ) - inherent flaw, defect (fault, defect, sin, evil)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of doṣa

doṣa - fault, defect, sin, evil, blame

From root 'duṣ' (to be corrupt, faulty)

Root: duṣ (class 4)

ध्रुवं (dhruvaṁ) - certainty, inevitability (certainly, surely, fixed, permanent)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhruva

dhruva - fixed, constant, certain, permanent; also adverb: certainly, surely

From root 'dhru' (to be firm, fixed)

Root: dhru (class 1)

Note: Grammatically accusative singular, but functions adverbially here.

युद्धे (yuddhe) - in the context of armed conflict (in battle, in war)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, war, fight

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root 'yudh' (to fight) with the suffix '-ta'.

Root: yudh (class 4)

तथा (tathā) - and, similarly (thus, so, in that manner, similarly, and)

(indeclinable)

युद्धे (yuddhe) - in the context of armed conflict (in battle, in war)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, war, fight

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root 'yudh' (to fight) with the suffix '-ta'.

Root: yudh (class 4)

पराभवम् (parābhavam) - the certainty of defeat (defeat, overthrow, humiliation)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of parābhava

parābhava - defeat, overthrow, humiliation, degradation

Derived from the prefix 'parā-' and the root 'bhū' (to be, to happen).

Prefix: parā

Root: bhū (class 1)

अधनस्य (adhanasya) - of one deprived of resources or support (of one without wealth, of the poor)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of adhana

adhana - without wealth, poor, indigent

Formed by negative prefix 'a-' and 'dhana' (wealth).

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+dhana)

• a – not, non, un-
  indeclinable
• dhana – wealth, riches, property, money
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'dhā' (to place, hold, acquire)
  Root: dhā (class 3)

मृतं (mṛtaṁ) - the state of being dead, death (death, dead, a dead body)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mṛta

mṛta - dead, deceased; also a noun meaning death, a dead body

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root 'mṛ' (to die) with the suffix '-ta'.

Root: mṛ (class 6)

श्रेयः (śreyaḥ) - preferable, better (thing) (better, superior, more excellent, welfare, bliss)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śreyas

śreyas - better, superior, more excellent, welfare, bliss, good fortune

Comparative degree of 'praśasya' (excellent).

न (na) - negation (not, no)

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed, certainly (indeed, surely, because, for)

(indeclinable)

ज्ञातीक्षये (jñātīkṣaye) - in the annihilation of one's own family and clan (in the destruction of kinsmen, in the loss of relatives)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of jñātīkṣaya

jñātīkṣaya - destruction of kinsmen, loss of relatives

Compound of 'jñāti' (kinsman) and 'kṣaya' (destruction).

Compound type : tatpurusha (jñāti+kṣaya)

• jñāti – kinsman, relative, family member, clan
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'jñā' (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)
• kṣaya – destruction, loss, decline, end, ruin
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'kṣi' (to destroy, diminish)
  Root: kṣi (class 5)

जयः (jayaḥ) - true victory (victory, triumph)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jaya

jaya - victory, triumph, conquest

From root 'ji' (to conquer, win)

Root: ji (class 1)