महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-102, verse-26

विष्णुरुवाच ।
ईशस्त्वमसि लोकानां चराणामचराश्च ये ।
त्वया दत्तमदत्तं कः कर्तुमुत्सहते विभो ॥२६॥

26. viṣṇuruvāca ,
īśastvamasi lokānāṁ carāṇāmacarāśca ye ,
tvayā dattamadattaṁ kaḥ kartumutsahate vibho.

26. viṣṇuḥ uvāca īśaḥ tvam asi lokānām carāṇām acarāḥ ca
ye tvayā dattam adattam kaḥ kartum utsahate vibho

26. Viṣṇu said, "You are the lord of all worlds, both moving and unmoving. O all-pervading Lord, who would dare to render as ungiven that which has been granted by you?"

Words meanings summery:

• विष्णुः (viṣṇuḥ) - The deity Viṣṇu (Vishnu)

• उवाच (uvāca) - Viṣṇu said (he said, spoke)

• ईशः (īśaḥ) - You are the lord (lord, master, ruler)

• त्वम् (tvam) - You (Indra) (you)

• असि (asi) - You (Indra) are (you are)

• लोकानाम् (lokānām) - Of all the worlds or realms (of the worlds, of the people)

• चराणाम् (carāṇām) - Of all living, mobile creatures (of the moving, mobile beings)

• अचराः (acarāḥ) - And the non-moving, stationary objects/beings (immovable, stationary beings)

• च (ca) - Connects 'moving' and 'unmoving' (and)

• ये (ye) - Refers to 'acarāḥ' (immovable ones) (who, which (masculine plural nominative))

• त्वया (tvayā) - By you (Indra) (by you)

• दत्तम् (dattam) - That which has been granted (life to the serpent) (given, granted)

• अदत्तम् (adattam) - The state of being ungiven or nullified (not given, ungiven)

• कः (kaḥ) - Who (interrogative pronoun) (who, what)

• कर्तुम् (kartum) - To be able to undo or make ineffective (to do, to make)

• उत्सहते (utsahate) - Who dares or is capable (he endeavors, is able, dares)

• विभो (vibho) - O all-pervading Indra (O lord, O all-pervading one)

Words meanings and morphology

विष्णुः (viṣṇuḥ) - The deity Viṣṇu (Vishnu)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viṣṇu

viṣṇu - Viṣṇu (a major Hindu deity), pervader, all-pervading

From root viṣ (to pervade)

Root: viṣ (class 3)

उवाच (uvāca) - Viṣṇu said (he said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect past (liṭ) of vac

perfect active

Root vac (2nd class), 3rd person singular active perfect. Irregular formation.

Root: vac (class 2)

ईशः (īśaḥ) - You are the lord (lord, master, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of īśa

īśa - lord, master, ruler, controller

From root īś (to rule, to be master)

Root: īś (class 2)

त्वम् (tvam) - You (Indra) (you)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Second person pronoun

असि (asi) - You (Indra) are (you are)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

present active

Root as (2nd class), 2nd person singular active present

Root: as (class 2)

लोकानाम् (lokānām) - Of all the worlds or realms (of the worlds, of the people)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of loka

loka - world, realm, people, space

चराणाम् (carāṇām) - Of all living, mobile creatures (of the moving, mobile beings)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of cara

cara - moving, mobile, creature

From root car (to move, wander)

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Agreement with 'lokānām' implied, referring to 'moving worlds/beings'.

अचराः (acarāḥ) - And the non-moving, stationary objects/beings (immovable, stationary beings)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of acara

acara - immovable, stationary, non-moving

Negative prefix a- + cara

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+cara)

• a – not, un-, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• cara – moving, mobile, creature
  adjective (masculine)
  From root car (to move, wander)
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Implied 'lokāḥ' or 'sattvāḥ' (beings).

च (ca) - Connects 'moving' and 'unmoving' (and)

(indeclinable)

ये (ye) - Refers to 'acarāḥ' (immovable ones) (who, which (masculine plural nominative))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

Relative pronoun

त्वया (tvayā) - By you (Indra) (by you)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Second person pronoun

दत्तम् (dattam) - That which has been granted (life to the serpent) (given, granted)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of datta

datta - given, granted, bestowed

past passive participle

From root dā (to give)

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Acts as a noun, 'that which is given'.

अदत्तम् (adattam) - The state of being ungiven or nullified (not given, ungiven)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of adatta

adatta - not given, ungiven, unbestowed

past passive participle

Negative prefix a- + datta

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+datta)

• a – not, un-, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• datta – given, granted, bestowed
  adjective (neuter)
  past passive participle
  From root dā (to give)
  Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Acts as a noun, 'that which is not given'.

कः (kaḥ) - Who (interrogative pronoun) (who, what)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Interrogative pronoun

कर्तुम् (kartum) - To be able to undo or make ineffective (to do, to make)

(indeclinable)

infinitive

From root kṛ (8th class)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Used with 'utsahate'.

उत्सहते (utsahate) - Who dares or is capable (he endeavors, is able, dares)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of sah

present middle

Root sah (1st class), with prefix ut-, 3rd person singular middle present

Prefix: ut

Root: sah (class 1)

विभो (vibho) - O all-pervading Indra (O lord, O all-pervading one)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vibhu

vibhu - all-pervading, powerful, lord, master

From prefix vi- + root bhū (to be)

Prefix: vi

Root: bhū (class 1)