महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-5, verse-30

जयो जयन्तो विजयो जयत्सेनो जयद्बलः ।
इति गुह्यानि नामानि चक्रे तेषां युधिष्ठिरः ॥३०॥

30. jayo jayanto vijayo jayatseno jayadbalaḥ ,
iti guhyāni nāmāni cakre teṣāṁ yudhiṣṭhiraḥ.

30. jayaḥ jayantaḥ vijayaḥ jayatsenaḥ jayadbalaḥ
iti guhyāni nāmāni cakre teṣām yudhiṣṭhiraḥ

30. Yudhiṣṭhira created these secret names for them: Jaya, Jayanta, Vijaya, Jayatsena, and Jayadbala.

Words meanings summery:

• जयः (jayaḥ) - Victory; a name

• जयन्तः (jayantaḥ) - Victorious; a name

• विजयः (vijayaḥ) - Complete victory, triumph; a name

• जयत्सेनः (jayatsenaḥ) - Having a victorious army; a name

• जयद्बलः (jayadbalaḥ) - Having victorious strength; a name

• इति (iti) - thus, so

• गुह्यानि (guhyāni) - secret, hidden

• नामानि (nāmāni) - names

• चक्रे (cakre) - he made, he did, he created

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - for the Pāṇḍavas (his brothers and himself) (of them, for them)

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

Words meanings and morphology

जयः (jayaḥ) - Victory; a name

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jaya

jaya - victory, conquest, triumph; a proper name

From root ji (to conquer)

Root: ji (class 1)

जयन्तः (jayantaḥ) - Victorious; a name

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jayanta

jayanta - victorious, conquering; a proper name

Present participle from root ji (to conquer)

Root: ji (class 1)

विजयः (vijayaḥ) - Complete victory, triumph; a name

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vijaya

vijaya - victory, triumph, conquest; a proper name (especially of Arjuna)

From prefix vi- + root ji (to conquer)

Prefix: vi

Root: ji (class 1)

जयत्सेनः (jayatsenaḥ) - Having a victorious army; a name

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jayatsena

jayatsena - having a victorious army, whose army is victorious; a proper name

Compound of jayat (victorious, present participle of ji) and senā (army).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (jayat+senā)

• jayat – victorious, conquering
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  From root ji (to conquer)
  Root: ji (class 1)
• senā – army, host
  noun (feminine)

जयद्बलः (jayadbalaḥ) - Having victorious strength; a name

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jayadbala

jayadbala - having victorious strength, whose strength is victorious; a proper name

Compound of jayat (victorious) and bala (strength).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (jayat+bala)

• jayat – victorious, conquering
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  From root ji (to conquer)
  Root: ji (class 1)
• bala – strength, power, force
  noun (neuter)

इति (iti) - thus, so

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks the preceding as a list or statement.

गुह्यानि (guhyāni) - secret, hidden

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of guhya

guhya - secret, hidden, concealed

Gerundive

From root guh (to hide)

Root: guh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'nāmāni'.

नामानि (nāmāni) - names

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of nāman

nāman - name, appellation, noun

Note: Object of 'cakre' (as a nominative in perfect tense with Ātmanepada voice).

चक्रे (cakre) - he made, he did, he created

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past perfect (lit) of kṛ

Perfect, Ātmanepada, 3rd singular

From root kṛ (to do)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

तेषाम् (teṣām) - for the Pāṇḍavas (his brothers and himself) (of them, for them)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to the Pāṇḍavas.

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - firm in battle; a proper name, the eldest of the Pāṇḍavas

Compound of yudhi (in battle) and sthira (firm).

Compound type : aluk-tatpuruṣa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle (locative of yudh)
  noun (feminine)
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  From root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'cakre'.

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