महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-5, verse-20

निशम्य यस्य विस्फारं व्यद्रवन्त रणे परे ।
पर्वतस्येव दीर्णस्य विस्फोटमशनेरिव ॥२०॥

20. niśamya yasya visphāraṁ vyadravanta raṇe pare ,
parvatasyeva dīrṇasya visphoṭamaśaneriva.

20. niśamya yasya visphāram vyadravanta raṇe pare
parvatasya iva dīrṇasya visphoṭam aśaneḥ iva

20. Upon hearing the twang of his bowstring, the enemies fled from battle, as if a split mountain were bursting or a thunderbolt were exploding.

Words meanings summery:

• निशम्य (niśamya) - having heard, perceiving, understanding

• यस्य (yasya) - whose

• विस्फारम् (visphāram) - twang, roar, loud sound

• व्यद्रवन्त (vyadravanta) - fled, ran away, dispersed

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, on the battlefield

• परे (pare) - enemies, opponents, others

• पर्वतस्य (parvatasya) - of a mountain, mountain's

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• दीर्णस्य (dīrṇasya) - of a split one, of a burst one

• विस्फोटम् (visphoṭam) - explosion, bursting

• अशनेः (aśaneḥ) - of a thunderbolt

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

Words meanings and morphology

निशम्य (niśamya) - having heard, perceiving, understanding

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed with ni + śam (to quiet, perceive)

Prefix: ni

Root: śam (class 1)

यस्य (yasya) - whose

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yat

yat - who, which, what

Note: Refers to Bhīmasena.

विस्फारम् (visphāram) - twang, roar, loud sound

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of visphāra

visphāra - twang of a bowstring, explosion, roar

From vi + sphar (to tremble, expand)

Prefix: vi

Root: sphar (class 6)

व्यद्रवन्त (vyadravanta) - fled, ran away, dispersed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vidru

Formed with vi + dru (to run)

Prefix: vi

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: The subject is 'pare' (enemies).

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, on the battlefield

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, combat, war

Root: raṇ (class 1)

परे (pare) - enemies, opponents, others

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of para

para - other, different, enemy, opponent

Note: Subject of 'vyadravanta'.

पर्वतस्य (parvatasya) - of a mountain, mountain's

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of parvata

parvata - mountain, hill

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

दीर्णस्य (dīrṇasya) - of a split one, of a burst one

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dīrṇa

dīrṇa - split, torn, burst, broken

Past Passive Participle

P.P.P. of root dṛ (to tear, split). Here, it's adjectival, modifying 'parvatasya'.

Root: dṛ (class 6)

Note: Qualifies 'parvatasya'.

विस्फोटम् (visphoṭam) - explosion, bursting

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of visphoṭa

visphoṭa - explosion, bursting, splitting

From vi + sphuṭ (to burst, split)

Prefix: vi

Root: sphuṭ (class 6)

अशनेः (aśaneḥ) - of a thunderbolt

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of aśani

aśani - thunderbolt, lightning

i-stem noun

Root: aś (class 5)

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)