महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-5, verse-28

अशीतिशतवर्षेयं माता न इति वादिनः ।
कुलधर्मोऽयमस्माकं पूर्वैराचरितोऽपि च ।
समासजाना वृक्षेऽस्मिन्निति वै व्याहरन्ति ते ॥२८॥

28. aśītiśatavarṣeyaṁ mātā na iti vādinaḥ ,
kuladharmo'yamasmākaṁ pūrvairācarito'pi ca ,
samāsajānā vṛkṣe'sminniti vai vyāharanti te.

28. aśītiśatavarṣā iyam mātā na iti
vādinaḥ kuladharmaḥ ayam asmākam
pūrvaiḥ ācaritaḥ api ca samāsajānā
vṛkṣe asmin iti vai vyāharanti te

28. Saying, 'This mother is not one hundred and eighty years old.' They will also declare, 'This is our family custom (dharma), which was also practiced by our ancestors.' Thus indeed, they (the Pāṇḍavas) will speak to those gathered at this tree.

Words meanings summery:

• अशीतिशतवर्षा (aśītiśatavarṣā) - one hundred and eighty years old

• इयम् (iyam) - this (feminine)

• माता (mātā) - mother

• न (na) - not, no

• इति (iti) - thus, so, marking speech

• वादिनः (vādinaḥ) - speakers, those who say

• कुलधर्मः (kuladharmaḥ) - family custom, family law (dharma)

• अयम् (ayam) - this

• अस्माकम् (asmākam) - our, of us

• पूर्वैः (pūrvaiḥ) - by ancestors, by elders

• आचरितः (ācaritaḥ) - practiced, observed, performed

• अपि (api) - also, even

• च (ca) - and

• समासजाना (samāsajānā) - to those who have gathered around the tree. (of the assembled, to the assembled people)

• वृक्षे (vṛkṣe) - on the tree, in the tree

• अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this, on this

• इति (iti) - thus, so, marking speech

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly (emphatic particle)

• व्याहरन्ति (vyāharanti) - they declare, they speak

• ते (te) - the Pāṇḍavas (they)

Words meanings and morphology

अशीतिशतवर्षा (aśītiśatavarṣā) - one hundred and eighty years old

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of aśītiśatavarṣa

aśītiśatavarṣa - one hundred and eighty years old (literally, eighty and a hundred years)

Compound of aśīti (eighty), śata (hundred), varṣa (year).

Compound type : dvandva-tatpuruṣa-bahuvrīhi (aśīti+śata+varṣa)

• aśīti – eighty
  numeral
• śata – hundred
  numeral (neuter)
• varṣa – year
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'iyam mātā'.

इयम् (iyam) - this (feminine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this, these

Note: Refers to the mother/body.

माता (mātā) - mother

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of mātṛ

mātṛ - mother

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the statement 'this mother is 180 years old'.

इति (iti) - thus, so, marking speech

(indeclinable)

वादिनः (vādinaḥ) - speakers, those who say

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vādin

vādin - speaking, saying, speaker, advocate

From root vad (to speak)

Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Refers to 'te' (they, the Pāṇḍavas).

कुलधर्मः (kuladharmaḥ) - family custom, family law (dharma)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kuladharma

kuladharma - family custom, family duty, constitutional law (dharma) of a family

Compound of kula (family) and dharma (custom/law)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kula+dharma)

• kula – family, clan, race
  noun (neuter)
• dharma – custom, law, duty, intrinsic nature, constitution
  noun (masculine)

Note: Meaning 'family custom (dharma)' in context.

अयम् (ayam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, these

Note: Agrees with 'kuladharmaḥ'.

अस्माकम् (asmākam) - our, of us

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Possessive pronoun.

पूर्वैः (pūrvaiḥ) - by ancestors, by elders

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pūrva

pūrva - former, ancient, prior, elder, ancestor

Note: Agent of 'ācaritaḥ'.

आचरितः (ācaritaḥ) - practiced, observed, performed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ācarita

ācarita - practiced, observed, performed, done

Past Passive Participle

Derived from prefix ā- + root car (to move, perform)

Prefix: ā

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'kuladharmaḥ'.

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

समासजाना (samāsajānā) - to those who have gathered around the tree. (of the assembled, to the assembled people)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of samāsajana

samāsajana - an assembled person, one who has come together

Derived from sam- + ās (to sit) + jana (person).

Prefix: sam

Root: ās (class 2)

Note: Literally 'of the assembled'. Contextually functions as 'to the assembled people'.

वृक्षे (vṛkṣe) - on the tree, in the tree

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vṛkṣa

vṛkṣa - tree

Note: Refers to the śamī tree.

अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this, on this

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, these

Note: Agrees with 'vṛkṣe'.

इति (iti) - thus, so, marking speech

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks the preceding as a thought or statement.

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly (emphatic particle)

(indeclinable)

व्याहरन्ति (vyāharanti) - they declare, they speak

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of vyāhar

Present, Parasmaipada, 3rd plural

From prefixes vi- + ā- + root hṛ (to seize, carry, utter)

Prefixes: vi+ā

Root: hṛ (class 1)

ते (te) - the Pāṇḍavas (they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to the Pāṇḍavas.