महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-17, verse-5

मत्स्यराज्ञः समक्षं च तस्य धूर्तस्य पश्यतः ।
कीचकेन पदा स्पृष्टा का नु जीवेत मादृशी ॥५॥

5. matsyarājñaḥ samakṣaṁ ca tasya dhūrtasya paśyataḥ ,
kīcakena padā spṛṣṭā kā nu jīveta mādṛśī.

5. matsyarājñaḥ samakṣam ca tasya dhūrtasya paśyataḥ
kīcakena padā spṛṣṭā kā nu jīveta mādṛśī

5. Who like me, having been kicked by Kīcaka with his foot, in the presence of the Matsya king and while that scoundrel himself was looking on, would indeed be able to live?

Words meanings summery:

• मत्स्यराज्ञः (matsyarājñaḥ) - of King Virāṭa (of the Matsya king)

• समक्षम् (samakṣam) - in the presence of, before, in sight of

• च (ca) - and, also

• तस्य (tasya) - of Kīcaka (of that, of him)

• धूर्तस्य (dhūrtasya) - of Kīcaka, the rogue (of the rogue, of the scoundrel)

• पश्यतः (paśyataḥ) - of Kīcaka, who was looking on (of him who is seeing, of the one looking on)

• कीचकेन (kīcakena) - by Kīcaka

• पदा (padā) - by foot, with the foot

• स्पृष्टा (spṛṣṭā) - touched, kicked, assaulted

• का (kā) - who (feminine)

• नु (nu) - indeed, now, then, certainly

• जीवेत (jīveta) - would live, might live

• मादृशी (mādṛśī) - one like Draupadī (one like me, similar to me)

Words meanings and morphology

मत्स्यराज्ञः (matsyarājñaḥ) - of King Virāṭa (of the Matsya king)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of matsyarājan

matsyarājan - king of the Matsyas

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (matsya+rājan)

• matsya – fish, a Matsya (person from Matsya country)
  noun (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj

समक्षम् (samakṣam) - in the presence of, before, in sight of

(indeclinable)

Compound of 'sama' (together, with) and 'akṣa' (eye).

Note: Used here as a preposition governing the genitive.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

तस्य (tasya) - of Kīcaka (of that, of him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Kīcaka.

धूर्तस्य (dhūrtasya) - of Kīcaka, the rogue (of the rogue, of the scoundrel)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dhūrta

dhūrta - rogue, cheat, scoundrel, cunning, injured, deceived

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'dhūrv' or 'dhūr' (to injure, torment), meaning 'injured' or 'deceived', then 'deceiver, rogue'.

Root: dhūrv (class 1)

Note: Adjective for 'tasya' (referring to Kīcaka).

पश्यतः (paśyataḥ) - of Kīcaka, who was looking on (of him who is seeing, of the one looking on)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of paśyat

paśyat - seeing, looking

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of root 'dṛś' (to see), with 'paśya' stem.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Adjective for 'tasya' (referring to Kīcaka).

कीचकेन (kīcakena) - by Kīcaka

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kīcaka

kīcaka - Kīcaka (a character's name)

पदा (padā) - by foot, with the foot

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pad

pad - foot, step, leg

स्पृष्टा (spṛṣṭā) - touched, kicked, assaulted

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of spṛṣṭa

spṛṣṭa - touched, contacted, assailed

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root 'spṛś' (to touch). Feminine form.

Root: spṛś (class 6)

Note: Modifies 'kā' and 'mādṛśī'.

का (kā) - who (feminine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of ka

ka - who, which, what

नु (nu) - indeed, now, then, certainly

(indeclinable)

जीवेत (jīveta) - would live, might live

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of jīv

Root: jīv (class 1)

मादृशी (mādṛśī) - one like Draupadī (one like me, similar to me)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of mādṛś

mādṛś - like me, similar to me

Derived from 'mad' (me) + 'dṛś' (seeing, resembling). Feminine form.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mad+dṛś)

• mad – I, me
  pronoun
  Stem of first person pronoun.
• dṛś – seeing, resembling
  adjective
  present active participle stem of dṛś
  Often used as a suffix for 'like, resembling'.
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Refers to Draupadī.