महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-17, verse-24

पार्थिवाः पृथिवीपाला यस्यासन्वशवर्तिनः ।
स वशे विवशो राजा परेषामद्य वर्तते ॥२४॥

24. pārthivāḥ pṛthivīpālā yasyāsanvaśavartinaḥ ,
sa vaśe vivaśo rājā pareṣāmadya vartate.

24. pārthivāḥ pṛthivīpālāḥ yasya āsan vaśavartinaḥ
saḥ vaśe vivaśaḥ rājā pareṣām adya vartate

24. Earthly rulers, protectors of the earth, were once subservient to him. Now, that very king, helpless, is under the control of others today.

Words meanings summery:

• पार्थिवाः (pārthivāḥ) - earthly, royal, kings

• पृथिवीपालाः (pṛthivīpālāḥ) - protectors of the earth, kings

• यस्य (yasya) - whose, of whom

• आसन् (āsan) - they were, they existed

• वशवर्तिनः (vaśavartinaḥ) - obedient, subservient, under control

• सः (saḥ) - that, he

• वशे (vaśe) - in control, under control

• विवशः (vivaśaḥ) - powerless, helpless, without control

• राजा (rājā) - king

• परेषाम् (pareṣām) - of others, of enemies

• अद्य (adya) - today, now

• वर्तते (vartate) - remains, exists, is, fares

Words meanings and morphology

पार्थिवाः (pārthivāḥ) - earthly, royal, kings

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pārthiva

pārthiva - earthly, royal, king, prince

Derived from pṛthivī (earth) + aṇ (taddhita suffix for 'relating to').

पृथिवीपालाः (pṛthivīpālāḥ) - protectors of the earth, kings

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pṛthivīpāla

pṛthivīpāla - protector of the earth, king, ruler

Compound type : tatpurusha (pṛthivī+pāla)

• pṛthivī – earth, ground, land
  noun (feminine)
• pāla – protector, guard, keeper
  noun (masculine)
  From root √pāl (to protect).
  Root: √pāl (class 1)

यस्य (yasya) - whose, of whom

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who, whose

आसन् (āsan) - they were, they existed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of as

Imperfect tense, active voice

From root √as.

Root: √as (class 2)

वशवर्तिनः (vaśavartinaḥ) - obedient, subservient, under control

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vaśavartin

vaśavartin - being under control, obedient, dependent

From vaśa (control) + vartin (being, abiding).

Compound type : tatpurusha (vaśa+vartin)

• vaśa – will, power, control, authority
  noun (masculine)
• vartin – abiding, staying, being, existing
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun (kṛt suffix -in) from √vṛt.
  Root: √vṛt (class 1)

Note: Refers to pārthivāḥ pṛthivīpālāḥ.

सः (saḥ) - that, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the king (Yudhiṣṭhira implied).

वशे (vaśe) - in control, under control

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vaśa

vaśa - will, power, control, authority

विवशः (vivaśaḥ) - powerless, helpless, without control

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vivaśa

vivaśa - helpless, dependent, powerless, unwilling

Compound with privative prefix vi-.

Compound type : prādi-samāsa (vi+vaśa)

• vi – without, apart, reverse
  indeclinable
  Used as a privative prefix.
• vaśa – will, power, control, authority
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to rājā.

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, prince

Note: Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira.

परेषाम् (pareṣām) - of others, of enemies

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of para

para - other, alien, foreign, enemy, supreme

अद्य (adya) - today, now

(indeclinable)

वर्तते (vartate) - remains, exists, is, fares

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vṛt

Present tense, middle voice

From root √vṛt.

Root: √vṛt (class 1)