महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-17, verse-22

स एष निरयं प्राप्तो मत्स्यस्य परिचारकः ।
सभायां देविता राज्ञः कङ्को ब्रूते युधिष्ठिरः ॥२२॥

22. sa eṣa nirayaṁ prāpto matsyasya paricārakaḥ ,
sabhāyāṁ devitā rājñaḥ kaṅko brūte yudhiṣṭhiraḥ.

22. sa eṣa nirayam prāptaḥ matsyasya paricārakaḥ
sabhāyām devitā rājñaḥ kaṅkaḥ brūte yudhiṣṭhiraḥ

22. He, this very Yudhishthira, having reached such a miserable state, is now a servant of King Matsya. In the assembly, he speaks as Kanka, the king's dice-player.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - he, that

• एष (eṣa) - this, he

• निरयम् (nirayam) - miserable state, wretched condition (hell, misfortune, miserable state)

• प्राप्तः (prāptaḥ) - reached, obtained, fallen into

• मत्स्यस्य (matsyasya) - of Matsya

• परिचारकः (paricārakaḥ) - a servant, attendant

• सभायाम् (sabhāyām) - in the assembly, in the court

• देविता (devitā) - a gambler, dice-player

• राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king

• कङ्कः (kaṅkaḥ) - Kanka (Yudhishthira's name in disguise)

• ब्रूते (brūte) - he says, he speaks

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira (proper name)

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

एष (eṣa) - this, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, he, she, it

निरयम् (nirayam) - miserable state, wretched condition (hell, misfortune, miserable state)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of niraya

niraya - hell, misfortune, misery

From 'nis' (out, away) + root 'i' (to go).

Prefix: nir

Root: i (class 2)

प्राप्तः (prāptaḥ) - reached, obtained, fallen into

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prāpta

prāpta - obtained, reached, met with

Past Passive Participle

From root 'āp' (आप) 'to obtain', with upasarga 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Implies 'having reached'.

मत्स्यस्य (matsyasya) - of Matsya

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of matsya

matsya - fish, King Matsya (Virata)

परिचारकः (paricārakaḥ) - a servant, attendant

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paricāraka

paricāraka - a servant, attendant, one who moves around

From root 'car' (चर्) 'to move', with upasarga 'pari' and agent suffix 'aka'.

Prefix: pari

Root: car (class 1)

सभायाम् (sabhāyām) - in the assembly, in the court

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of sabhā

sabhā - an assembly, council, court

Root: bhā (class 1)

देविता (devitā) - a gambler, dice-player

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of devitṛ

devitṛ - a gambler, dice-player

Agent noun

From root 'div' (दिव्) 'to play (dice)', with agent suffix '-tṛ'.

Root: div (class 4)

Note: Predicate nominative for Kanka/Yudhishthira.

राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

कङ्कः (kaṅkaḥ) - Kanka (Yudhishthira's name in disguise)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaṅka

kaṅka - a heron, also Yudhishthira's disguise name during exile

ब्रूते (brūte) - he says, he speaks

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: The subject is Yudhishthira/Kanka.

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - firm in battle, Yudhishthira (eldest Pandava brother)

Compound 'yudhi' (in battle, locative of yudh) + 'sthira' (firm).

Compound type : aluk-tatpuruṣa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  noun (locative form) (feminine)
  Locative singular of 'yudh' (battle).
• sthira – firm, steady
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'sthā' (स्था) 'to stand'.
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'brūte'.