महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-17, verse-18

एष निष्कसहस्राणि प्रदाय ददतां वरः ।
द्यूतजेन ह्यनर्थेन महता समुपावृतः ॥१८॥

18. eṣa niṣkasahasrāṇi pradāya dadatāṁ varaḥ ,
dyūtajena hyanarthena mahatā samupāvṛtaḥ.

18. eṣa niṣkasahasrāṇi pradāya dadatām varaḥ
dyūtajena hi anarthena mahatā samupāvṛtaḥ

18. This one, the best among givers, having given thousands of gold coins, was indeed afflicted by a great misfortune (anartha) born of gambling.

Words meanings summery:

• एष (eṣa) - Yudhishthira (this one, he)

• निष्कसहस्राणि (niṣkasahasrāṇi) - thousands of gold coins

• प्रदाय (pradāya) - having given, having offered

• ददताम् (dadatām) - of those who give, among givers

• वरः (varaḥ) - the best (person) (best, excellent, boon, suitor)

• द्यूतजेन (dyūtajena) - born of gambling, caused by gambling

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• अनर्थेन (anarthena) - by misfortune, by calamity

• महता (mahatā) - by great, by large

• समुपावृतः (samupāvṛtaḥ) - covered, surrounded, afflicted

Words meanings and morphology

एष (eṣa) - Yudhishthira (this one, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, that, he, she, it

निष्कसहस्राणि (niṣkasahasrāṇi) - thousands of gold coins

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of niṣkasahasra

niṣkasahasra - a thousand gold coins

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (niṣka+sahasra)

• niṣka – gold coin, golden ornament
  noun (masculine)
• sahasra – thousand
  numeral (neuter)

प्रदाय (pradāya) - having given, having offered

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

Absolutive formed from root 'dā' with prefix 'pra'

Prefix: pra

Root: dā (class 3)

ददताम् (dadatām) - of those who give, among givers

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, plural of dadat

dadat - giving, bestowing

present active participle

Present active participle of root 'dā'

Root: dā (class 3)

वरः (varaḥ) - the best (person) (best, excellent, boon, suitor)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent; a boon, a blessing; a suitor, a bridegroom

द्यूतजेन (dyūtajena) - born of gambling, caused by gambling

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dyūtajena

dyūtajena - born of gambling

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dyūta+ja)

• dyūta – gambling, dice-play
  noun (neuter)
  Root: dyut
• ja – born, produced from
  suffix/adjective (masculine)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'anarthena'.

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

अनर्थेन (anarthena) - by misfortune, by calamity

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of anartha

anartha - misfortune, evil, calamity, something useless or worthless

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+artha)

• a – not, non-
  prefix
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, benefit, object
  noun (masculine)

महता (mahatā) - by great, by large

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, vast, mighty

Note: Agrees with 'anarthena'.

समुपावृतः (samupāvṛtaḥ) - covered, surrounded, afflicted

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samupāvṛta

samupāvṛta - surrounded, encompassed, afflicted, covered

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root 'vṛt' with prefixes 'sam' and 'upa'

Prefixes: sam+upa+ā

Root: vṛt (class 1)