महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-17, verse-15

दश नागसहस्राणि पद्मिनां हेममालिनाम् ।
यं यान्तमनुयान्तीह सोऽयं द्यूतेन जीवति ॥१५॥

15. daśa nāgasahasrāṇi padmināṁ hemamālinām ,
yaṁ yāntamanuyāntīha so'yaṁ dyūtena jīvati.

15. daśa nāgasahasrāṇi padminām hemamālinām yam
yāntam anuyānti iha saḥ ayam dyūtena jīvati

15. He whom ten thousand elephants, adorned with lotuses and golden garlands, used to follow as he moved about on earth – this very person now subsists by gambling.

Words meanings summery:

• दश (daśa) - ten

• नागसहस्राणि (nāgasahasrāṇi) - ten thousand elephants, thousands of elephants

• पद्मिनाम् (padminām) - of those having lotuses, of those adorned with lotus-marks/features

• हेममालिनाम् (hemamālinām) - of those wearing golden garlands

• यम् (yam) - whom, to whom

• यान्तम् (yāntam) - going, moving

• अनुयान्ति (anuyānti) - they follow, they go after

• इह (iha) - here, in this world

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• अयम् (ayam) - this, this one

• द्यूतेन (dyūtena) - by gambling, by means of dice

• जीवति (jīvati) - he lives, he subsists

Words meanings and morphology

दश (daśa) - ten

(numeral)

नागसहस्राणि (nāgasahasrāṇi) - ten thousand elephants, thousands of elephants

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of nāgasahasra

nāgasahasra - a thousand elephants, ten thousand elephants (as daśa is also present)

Tatpurusha compound.

Compound type : tatpurusha (nāga+sahasra)

• nāga – elephant, snake, serpent, mountain
  noun (masculine)
  Root: nag (class 1)
• sahasra – a thousand, many
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of 'anuyānti'.

पद्मिनाम् (padminām) - of those having lotuses, of those adorned with lotus-marks/features

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of padmin

padmin - having lotuses, lotus-like, marked with lotuses, adorned with lotuses, an elephant having auspicious lotus marks

Possessive adjective derived from 'padma' (lotus).

Note: Qualifies the elephants.

हेममालिनाम् (hemamālinām) - of those wearing golden garlands

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of hemamālin

hemamālin - wearing a golden garland, adorned with gold

Possessive adjective from 'hemamālā' (golden garland).

Compound type : tatpurusha (hema+mālā)

• hema – gold
  noun (neuter)
  Root: hī (class 3)
• mālā – garland, necklace, wreath, row
  noun (feminine)
  Root: mal (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the elephants.

यम् (yam) - whom, to whom

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, that

Relative pronoun.

Note: Object of 'anuyānti'.

यान्तम् (yāntam) - going, moving

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yānt

yānt - going, moving, proceeding

Present Active Participle

From root 'yā' (to go) + 'śatṛ' suffix. Accusative singular masculine, agreeing with 'yam'.

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Describes the state of 'yam' during the action of 'anuyānti'.

अनुयान्ति (anuyānti) - they follow, they go after

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of yā

Present tense, 3rd person plural, active voice

Root 'yā' (2nd class), with prefix 'anu'.

Prefix: anu

Root: yā (class 2)

इह (iha) - here, in this world

(indeclinable)

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अयम् (ayam) - this, this one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one, here

Note: Used for emphasis, 'this very one'.

द्यूतेन (dyūtena) - by gambling, by means of dice

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of dyūta

dyūta - gambling, game of dice, playing with dice

Past passive participle of root 'div' used as a noun.

Root: div (class 1)

Note: Indicates the means of subsistence.

जीवति (jīvati) - he lives, he subsists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of jīv

Present tense, 3rd person singular, active voice

Root 'jīv' (1st class).

Root: jīv (class 1)