महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-17, verse-1

द्रौपद्युवाच ।
अशोच्यं नु कुतस्तस्या यस्या भर्ता युधिष्ठिरः ।
जानन्सर्वाणि दुःखानि किं मां त्वं परिपृच्छसि ॥१॥

1. draupadyuvāca ,
aśocyaṁ nu kutastasyā yasyā bhartā yudhiṣṭhiraḥ ,
jānansarvāṇi duḥkhāni kiṁ māṁ tvaṁ paripṛcchasi.

1. draupadī uvāca aśocyam nu kutaḥ tasyāḥ yasyāḥ bhartā
yudhiṣṭhiraḥ jānan sarvāṇi duḥkhāni kim mām tvam paripṛcchasi

1. Draupadī said, 'How can she not be an object of sorrow, she whose husband is Yudhiṣṭhira? You know all these sufferings; why do you question me?'

Words meanings summery:

• द्रौपदी (draupadī) - Wife of the Pāṇḍavas, daughter of King Drupada. (Draupadi (proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अशोच्यम् (aśocyam) - not to be grieved for, not lamentable, unsorrowful

• नु (nu) - now, indeed, particle of interrogation or emphasis

• कुतः (kutaḥ) - Used in the sense of 'how' or 'why'. (whence, from where, how, why)

• तस्याः (tasyāḥ) - of her, for her

• यस्याः (yasyāḥ) - whose, of whom (feminine)

• भर्ता (bhartā) - husband, supporter, lord

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - The eldest of the Pāṇḍavas. (Yudhiṣṭhira (proper name))

• जानन् (jānan) - knowing, perceiving

• सर्वाणि (sarvāṇi) - all, every, whole

• दुःखानि (duḥkhāni) - sufferings, sorrows, pains, miseries

• किम् (kim) - Used as an interrogative adverb meaning 'why'. (what, why)

• माम् (mām) - me

• त्वम् (tvam) - Refers to Kṛṣṇa, who is being addressed by Draupadī. (you)

• परिपृच्छसि (paripṛcchasi) - you ask, you question, you inquire

Words meanings and morphology

द्रौपदी (draupadī) - Wife of the Pāṇḍavas, daughter of King Drupada. (Draupadi (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of draupadī

draupadī - Draupadi (daughter of Drupada)

Feminine nominative singular, patronymic.

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect tense

3rd person singular, perfect active. Irregular form.

Root: vac (class 2)

अशोच्यम् (aśocyam) - not to be grieved for, not lamentable, unsorrowful

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of aśocya

aśocya - not to be grieved for, not lamentable, unsorrowful

gerundive (future passive participle)

Compound of negative prefix 'a' and gerundive of root śuc (to grieve). Neuter nominative singular.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+śocya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• śocya – to be grieved for, lamentable
  adjective (neuter)
  gerundive
  From root śuc (to grieve).
  Root: śuc (class 1)

नु (nu) - now, indeed, particle of interrogation or emphasis

(indeclinable)

Particle expressing question or emphasis.

कुतः (kutaḥ) - Used in the sense of 'how' or 'why'. (whence, from where, how, why)

(indeclinable)

Adverb of place or cause.

तस्याः (tasyāḥ) - of her, for her

(pronoun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, he, it

Feminine genitive singular of tad (that/she).

यस्याः (yasyāḥ) - whose, of whom (feminine)

(pronoun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

Feminine genitive singular of yad (which/who).

भर्ता (bhartā) - husband, supporter, lord

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhartṛ

bhartṛ - husband, maintainer, supporter, lord

agent noun

Derived from the root bhṛ (to bear, support) with the suffix -tṛc. Masculine nominative singular.

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of an implied 'is'.

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - The eldest of the Pāṇḍavas. (Yudhiṣṭhira (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (lit. 'firm in battle')

Masculine nominative singular. A compound meaning 'firm in battle'.

Compound type : aluk-tatpuruṣa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  noun (feminine)
  Locative singular of yudh (battle).
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  From root sthā (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Predicate nominative.

जानन् (jānan) - knowing, perceiving

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jānat

jānat - knowing, understanding, perceiving

present active participle

Derived from the root jñā (to know) with the suffix -śatṛ. Masculine nominative singular.

Root: jñā (class 9)

सर्वाणि (sarvāṇi) - all, every, whole

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Neuter accusative plural.

दुःखानि (duḥkhāni) - sufferings, sorrows, pains, miseries

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, suffering, pain, misery

Neuter accusative plural.

किम् (kim) - Used as an interrogative adverb meaning 'why'. (what, why)

(indeclinable)

Interrogative adverb.

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Accusative singular of asmad (I).

Note: Object of 'paripṛcchasi'.

त्वम् (tvam) - Refers to Kṛṣṇa, who is being addressed by Draupadī. (you)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Nominative singular of yuṣmad (you).

Note: Subject of 'paripṛcchasi'.

परिपृच्छसि (paripṛcchasi) - you ask, you question, you inquire

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of pariprach

present indicative

2nd person singular, present active indicative. Formed from root prach (to ask) with prefix pari-.

Prefix: pari

Root: prach (class 6)