महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-17, verse-10

भ्रातरं च विगर्हस्व ज्येष्ठं दुर्द्यूतदेविनम् ।
यस्यास्मि कर्मणा प्राप्ता दुःखमेतदनन्तकम् ॥१०॥

10. bhrātaraṁ ca vigarhasva jyeṣṭhaṁ durdyūtadevinam ,
yasyāsmi karmaṇā prāptā duḥkhametadanantakam.

10. bhrātaram ca vigarhasva jyeṣṭham durdyūtadevinam
yasya asmi karmaṇā prāptā duḥkham etat anantakam

10. And you should censure your eldest brother, the one addicted to disastrous gambling, by whose action (karma) I have received this endless suffering.

Words meanings summery:

• भ्रातरम् (bhrātaram) - brother

• च (ca) - and

• विगर्हस्व (vigarhasva) - blame, censure

• ज्येष्ठम् (jyeṣṭham) - eldest, elder

• दुर्द्यूतदेविनम् (durdyūtadevinam) - the one addicted to bad gambling

• यस्य (yasya) - due to whom (Yudhiṣṭhira) (by whom, of whom, due to whom)

• अस्मि (asmi) - I am

• कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by his (Yudhiṣṭhira's) action (karma) (by action, by deed, by (karma))

• प्राप्ता (prāptā) - obtained, gained, reached

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering, sorrow, misery

• एतत् (etat) - this

• अनन्तकम् (anantakam) - endless, infinite

Words meanings and morphology

भ्रातरम् (bhrātaram) - brother

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

विगर्हस्व (vigarhasva) - blame, censure

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of vigarh

Imperative Mood

Imperative 2nd person singular middle voice of root garh (1st class) with prefix vi

Prefix: vi

Root: garh (class 1)

Note: Addressed to Bhima.

ज्येष्ठम् (jyeṣṭham) - eldest, elder

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jyeṣṭha

jyeṣṭha - eldest, chief, principal

Superlative form of vṛddha (old)

Note: Modifies "bhrātaram" (Yudhiṣṭhira).

दुर्द्यूतदेविनम् (durdyūtadevinam) - the one addicted to bad gambling

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of durdyūtadevin

durdyūtadevin - evil gambler, one devoted to unfortunate gambling

Compound type : karmadhāraya (dur+dyūta+devin)

• dur – bad, difficult, evil
  indeclinable
• dyūta – gambling, play with dice
  noun (neuter)
  Root: dyut (class 1)
• devin – gambler, player
  noun (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  Derived from root div (4th class), 'to play, gamble'
  Root: div (class 4)

Note: Modifies "bhrātaram" (Yudhiṣṭhira).

यस्य (yasya) - due to whom (Yudhiṣṭhira) (by whom, of whom, due to whom)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Often used with an instrumental or ablative sense when referring to the cause.

अस्मि (asmi) - I am

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present Tense

Present 1st person singular of the root as (2nd class)

Root: as (class 2)

कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by his (Yudhiṣṭhira's) action (karma) (by action, by deed, by (karma))

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action, deed, work, ritual, (karma)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

प्राप्ता (prāptā) - obtained, gained, reached

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of prāpta

prāpta - obtained, reached, acquired

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root āp (5th class) with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Predicative adjective for "I am".

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering, sorrow, misery

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, pain, sorrow, misery

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this

Note: Modifies "duḥkham".

अनन्तकम् (anantakam) - endless, infinite

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anantaka

anantaka - endless, infinite, boundless

Derived from ananta (endless) + ka suffix

Compound type : nah-tatpuruṣa (a+antaka)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• antaka – ender, death, destroyer
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from anta (end) + ka suffix
  Root: ant (class 1)

Note: Modifies "duḥkham".