महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-72, verse-9

श्रुत्वा तं प्रस्थितो राजा शतयोजनयायिभिः ।
हयैर्वातजवैर्मुख्यैरहमस्य च सारथिः ॥९॥

9. śrutvā taṁ prasthito rājā śatayojanayāyibhiḥ ,
hayairvātajavairmukhyairahamasya ca sārathiḥ.

9. śrutvā tam prasthitaḥ rājā śatayojanayāyibhiḥ
hayaiḥ vātajavaiḥ mukhyaiḥ aham asya ca sārathiḥ

9. "Having heard that news, the king set out with his principal horses, which are swift as wind and capable of traveling a hundred yojanas in a day; and I am his charioteer."

Words meanings summery:

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• तम् (tam) - refers to the news mentioned in the previous verse (that)

• प्रस्थितः (prasthitaḥ) - set out, departed

• राजा (rājā) - King Ṛtuparṇa of Kosala (king)

• शतयोजनयायिभिः (śatayojanayāyibhiḥ) - by horses capable of traveling a hundred yojanas (a unit of distance, roughly 8-9 miles or more) in a day (by those traveling a hundred yojanas)

• हयैः (hayaiḥ) - by horses, with horses

• वातजवैः (vātajavaiḥ) - swift as wind, wind-speed

• मुख्यैः (mukhyaiḥ) - by the principal, by the chief

• अहम् (aham) - I

• अस्य (asya) - of this king (Ṛtuparṇa) (his, of him)

• च (ca) - and, also

• सारथिः (sārathiḥ) - charioteer

Words meanings and morphology

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Absolutive (gerund)

Root: śru (class 5)

तम् (tam) - refers to the news mentioned in the previous verse (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

प्रस्थितः (prasthitaḥ) - set out, departed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prasthita

prasthita - departed, set out, gone forth

Past Passive Participle

Derived from verb `pra-sthā` (to set forth)

Prefix: pra

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `rājā`

राजा (rājā) - King Ṛtuparṇa of Kosala (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

शतयोजनयायिभिः (śatayojanayāyibhiḥ) - by horses capable of traveling a hundred yojanas (a unit of distance, roughly 8-9 miles or more) in a day (by those traveling a hundred yojanas)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śatayojanayāyin

śatayojanayāyin - going a hundred yojanas (in a day)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śata+yojana+yāyin)

• śata – hundred
  noun (neuter)
• yojana – yojana (a measure of distance, approx. 8-9 miles)
  noun (masculine)
• yāyin – going, moving, one who goes
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun/adjective
  Derived from root `yā` (to go)
  Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Agrees with `hayaiḥ`

हयैः (hayaiḥ) - by horses, with horses

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of haya

haya - horse

वातजवैः (vātajavaiḥ) - swift as wind, wind-speed

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vātajava

vātajava - swift as wind, wind-speed

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vāta+java)

• vāta – wind, air
  noun (masculine)
• java – speed, swiftness, force
  noun (masculine)
  Root: jū (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `hayaiḥ`

मुख्यैः (mukhyaiḥ) - by the principal, by the chief

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of mukhya

mukhya - principal, chief, foremost, excellent

Note: Agrees with `hayaiḥ`

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of aham

aham - I

अस्य (asya) - of this king (Ṛtuparṇa) (his, of him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

सारथिः (sārathiḥ) - charioteer

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sārathi

sārathi - charioteer, driver