महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-72, verse-29

एवं ब्रुवाणस्तद्वाक्यं नलः परमदुःखितः ।
न बाष्पमशकत्सोढुं प्ररुरोद च भारत ॥२९॥

29. evaṁ bruvāṇastadvākyaṁ nalaḥ paramaduḥkhitaḥ ,
na bāṣpamaśakatsoḍhuṁ praruroda ca bhārata.

29. evam bruvāṇaḥ tat vākyam nalaḥ paramaduhkhitaḥ
na bāṣpam aśakat soḍhum praruroda ca bhārata

29. O Bhārata, speaking those words, Nala, who was greatly afflicted with sorrow, could not restrain his tears and wept.

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - thus (thus, in this manner, so)

• ब्रुवाणः (bruvāṇaḥ) - speaking (speaking, saying)

• तत् (tat) - those (that, those)

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - words (as a collective noun, singular form) (speech, word, statement)

• नलः (nalaḥ) - Nala (Nala (name of a king))

• परमदुह्खितः (paramaduhkhitaḥ) - extremely distressed (extremely distressed, most sorrowful)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• बाष्पम् (bāṣpam) - tears (tears, vapor)

• अशकत् (aśakat) - he was able (he was able, he could)

• सोढुम् (soḍhum) - to restrain (to bear, to endure, to restrain)

• प्ररुरोद (praruroda) - he wept (he wept aloud, he cried)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (vocative addressing an interlocutor) (O descendant of Bharata, O Bhārata)

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - thus (thus, in this manner, so)

(indeclinable)

ब्रुवाणः (bruvāṇaḥ) - speaking (speaking, saying)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bruvāṇa

bruvāṇa - speaking, saying, relating

Present Middle Participle

From root brū (to speak) + śānac suffix.

Root: brū (class 2)

तत् (tat) - those (that, those)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - words (as a collective noun, singular form) (speech, word, statement)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - speech, word, sentence, statement

From root vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of bruvāṇaḥ.

नलः (nalaḥ) - Nala (Nala (name of a king))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nala

nala - a kind of reed, name of a famous king (of Nishadha)

परमदुह्खितः (paramaduhkhitaḥ) - extremely distressed (extremely distressed, most sorrowful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paramaduhkhita

paramaduhkhita - greatly distressed, most sorrowful

Past Passive Participle compound

Compound of parama (supreme, extreme) and duḥkhita (distressed).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (parama+duḥkhita)

• parama – highest, supreme, ultimate, extreme
  adjective (masculine)
• duḥkhita – distressed, sorrowful, unhappy
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From duhkh (to suffer, be unhappy) + kta suffix
  Root: duhkh (class 10)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

बाष्पम् (bāṣpam) - tears (tears, vapor)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bāṣpa

bāṣpa - tears, vapor, steam

अशकत् (aśakat) - he was able (he was able, he could)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (luṅ) of śak

Imperfect Active Indicative

From root śak (to be able). 5th class (svādi) verb, but aśakat is from aorist, often used as past tense.

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Used with infinitive soḍhum.

सोढुम् (soḍhum) - to restrain (to bear, to endure, to restrain)

(verb)

active, infinitive (tumun) of sah

Infinitive

From root sah (to bear) + tumun suffix.

Root: sah (class 1)

प्ररुरोद (praruroda) - he wept (he wept aloud, he cried)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of rud

Perfect Active Indicative

Perfect form (reduplicated past tense) from pra + root rud (to cry).

Prefix: pra

Root: rud (class 2)

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (vocative addressing an interlocutor) (O descendant of Bharata, O Bhārata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, related to Bharata, Indian, a name for Dhritarashtra or Janamejaya

From bharata + aṇ suffix.

Root: bhṛ (class 1)