महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-72, verse-23

बृहदश्व उवाच ।
एवमुक्तस्य केशिन्या नलस्य कुरुनन्दन ।
हृदयं व्यथितं चासीदश्रुपूर्णे च लोचने ॥२३॥

23. bṛhadaśva uvāca ,
evamuktasya keśinyā nalasya kurunandana ,
hṛdayaṁ vyathitaṁ cāsīdaśrupūrṇe ca locane.

23. bṛhadaśva uvāca evam uktasya keśinyā nalasya kurunandana
hṛdayam vyathitam ca āsīt aśrupūrṇe ca locane

23. Bṛhadaśva said: 'O joy of the Kurus (Yudhiṣṭhira), when Nala was addressed in this manner by Keśinī, his heart became greatly distressed, and his eyes were filled with tears.'

23. בְּרְהַדַשְׁוַה אמר, הו שמחת בני קוּרוּ, כשקֵשִׁינִי פנתה כך אל נַלַה, ליבו התכווץ מכאב ועיניו התמלאו דמעות.

Words meanings summery:

• बृहदश्व (bṛhadaśva) - The sage Bṛhadaśva (Bṛhadaśva (name of a sage))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• एवम् (evam) - in this manner (thus, in this manner)

• उक्तस्य (uktasya) - of Nala, who was addressed (of one who was spoken to, to one who was told)

• केशिन्या (keśinyā) - by Keśinī (the messenger) (by Keśinī)

• नलस्य (nalasya) - of Nala

• कुरुनन्दन (kurunandana) - O Yudhiṣṭhira, delight of the Kurus (O delight of the Kurus)

• हृदयम् (hṛdayam) - his heart (heart)

• व्यथितम् (vyathitam) - distressed (distressed, troubled, agitated)

• च (ca) - and

• आसीत् (āsīt) - became (was, existed)

• अश्रुपूर्णे (aśrupūrṇe) - full of tears

• च (ca) - and

• लोचने (locane) - his eyes (eyes)

Words meanings and morphology

बृहदश्व (bṛhadaśva) - The sage Bṛhadaśva (Bṛhadaśva (name of a sage))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bṛhadaśva

bṛhadaśva - Name of a sage

Compound type : bahuvrihi (bṛhat+aśva)

• bṛhat – great, large
  adjective
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)
  Root: aś

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

perfect active

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular.

Root: vac (class 2)

एवम् (evam) - in this manner (thus, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb modifying 'uktasya'.

उक्तस्य (uktasya) - of Nala, who was addressed (of one who was spoken to, to one who was told)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ukta

vac - to speak, to say

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vac with suffix -ta, past passive participle.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'nalasya'.

केशिन्या (keśinyā) - by Keśinī (the messenger) (by Keśinī)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of keśinī

keśinī - a woman having fine hair, Keśinī (proper name)

Note: Agent of the passive participle 'uktasya'.

नलस्य (nalasya) - of Nala

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of nala

nala - Name of a king

Note: Possessive for 'hṛdayam' and 'locane'.

कुरुनन्दन (kurunandana) - O Yudhiṣṭhira, delight of the Kurus (O delight of the Kurus)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kurunandana

kurunandana - joy of the Kurus, scion of the Kurus

Compound type : tatpurusha (kuru+nandana)

• kuru – Kuru (ancestor of a dynasty, or descendant)
  proper noun (masculine)
• nandana – son, delight, causing joy
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  Derived from root nand (to rejoice) with suffix -ana.
  Root: nand (class 1)

हृदयम् (hṛdayam) - his heart (heart)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of hṛdaya

hṛdaya - heart, mind, breast, core

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'āsīt'.

व्यथितम् (vyathitam) - distressed (distressed, troubled, agitated)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vyathita

vyath - to tremble, to be distressed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vyath with suffix -ta.

Prefix: vi

Root: vyath (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'hṛdayam'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

आसीत् (āsīt) - became (was, existed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of as

imperfect active

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular.

Root: as (class 2)

अश्रुपूर्णे (aśrupūrṇe) - full of tears

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, dual of aśrupūrṇa

aśrupūrṇa - full of tears

Compound type : tatpurusha (aśru+pūrṇa)

• aśru – tear
  noun (neuter)
• pūrṇa – full, complete
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root pṛ with suffix -na.
  Root: pṛ (class 3)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'locane'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

लोचने (locane) - his eyes (eyes)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, dual of locana

locana - eye, seeing

Derived from root loc (to see).

Root: loc

Note: Subject (dual) of implicit 'were'.

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