महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-72, verse-14

बाहुक उवाच ।
इहैव पुत्रौ निक्षिप्य नलस्याशुभकर्मणः ।
गतस्ततो यथाकामं नैष जानाति नैषधम् ॥१४॥

14. bāhuka uvāca ,
ihaiva putrau nikṣipya nalasyāśubhakarmaṇaḥ ,
gatastato yathākāmaṁ naiṣa jānāti naiṣadham.

14. bāhukaḥ uvāca | iha eva putrau nikṣipya nalasya aśubhakarmaṇaḥ
| gataḥ tataḥ yathākāmam na eṣaḥ jānāti naiṣadham

14. Bāhuka said: "Having left the two sons of Nala, who was associated with inauspicious deeds (karma), right here, he then went wherever he pleased. This (Bāhuka) does not know Nala, the king of Niṣadha."

Words meanings summery:

• बाहुकः (bāhukaḥ) - The charioteer Bāhuka, who is Nala in disguise. (Bāhuka)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• इह (iha) - Right here, indicating a specific nearby location. (here, in this place)

• एव (eva) - Emphasizes "here", meaning "right here". (indeed, just, only, exactly)

• पुत्रौ (putrau) - The two sons of Nala, Indrasena and Indrasenā. (two sons)

• निक्षिप्य (nikṣipya) - Having left (the sons). (having deposited, having left, having entrusted)

• नलस्य (nalasya) - The father of the two sons mentioned. (of Nala)

• अशुभकर्मणः (aśubhakarmaṇaḥ) - Referring to Nala, who lost his kingdom and family due to gambling, an inauspicious (karma) deed. (of one whose deeds are inauspicious; of one who has bad actions)

• गतः (gataḥ) - He (Nala) went away. (gone, departed)

• ततः (tataḥ) - From that place where he left the sons. (from there, then, therefore)

• यथाकामम् (yathākāmam) - Nala departed as he pleased. (according to desire, as one pleases, at will)

• न (na) - not, no

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - Referring to Bāhuka, the speaker, who is Nala in disguise. (this (one))

• जानाति (jānāti) - knows, recognizes

• नैषधम् (naiṣadham) - Referring to Nala, the king, as the object of knowledge (or lack thereof). (Nala, the king of Niṣadha)

Words meanings and morphology

बाहुकः (bāhukaḥ) - The charioteer Bāhuka, who is Nala in disguise. (Bāhuka)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bāhuka

bāhuka - A proper name; a charioteer; Nala in disguise.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect active

Formed from root vac (to speak), 3rd person singular, Perfect tense.

Root: vac (class 2)

इह (iha) - Right here, indicating a specific nearby location. (here, in this place)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - Emphasizes "here", meaning "right here". (indeed, just, only, exactly)

(indeclinable)

पुत्रौ (putrau) - The two sons of Nala, Indrasena and Indrasenā. (two sons)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of putra

putra - son, child

Note: The dual form indicates two sons.

निक्षिप्य (nikṣipya) - Having left (the sons). (having deposited, having left, having entrusted)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed with prefix ni and root kṣip, signifying a completed action prior to the main verb.

Prefix: ni

Root: kṣip (class 6)

Note: Absolutive form (gerund) indicating prior action.

नलस्य (nalasya) - The father of the two sons mentioned. (of Nala)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of nala

nala - Nala (a king, hero of the Nalopakhyana)

अशुभकर्मणः (aśubhakarmaṇaḥ) - Referring to Nala, who lost his kingdom and family due to gambling, an inauspicious (karma) deed. (of one whose deeds are inauspicious; of one who has bad actions)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of aśubhakarmaṇ

aśubhakarmaṇ - one whose deeds are inauspicious, one who has bad actions

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (aśubha+karmaṇ)

• aśubha – inauspicious, unlucky, bad
  adjective
  Prefix: a
• karmaṇ – action, deed, work, ritual (karma)
  noun (neuter)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with nalasya.

गतः (gataḥ) - He (Nala) went away. (gone, departed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, departed, arrived at, reached

Past Passive Participle

From root gam (to go).

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Refers to the implied subject, Nala.

ततः (tataḥ) - From that place where he left the sons. (from there, then, therefore)

(indeclinable)

Adverb derived from pronominal base 'tad'.

यथाकामम् (yathākāmam) - Nala departed as he pleased. (according to desire, as one pleases, at will)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial compound.

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+kāma)

• yathā – as, according to, in which way
  indeclinable
• kāma – desire, wish, love
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kam (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

एषः (eṣaḥ) - Referring to Bāhuka, the speaker, who is Nala in disguise. (this (one))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Demonstrative pronoun.

जानाति (jānāti) - knows, recognizes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of jñā

Present active

From root jñā (to know), 3rd person singular, Present tense.

Root: jñā (class 9)

नैषधम् (naiṣadham) - Referring to Nala, the king, as the object of knowledge (or lack thereof). (Nala, the king of Niṣadha)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of naiṣadha

naiṣadha - pertaining to Niṣadha; a resident of Niṣadha; King Nala.

Derived from Niṣadha, referring to the king of that land.