महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-270, verse-4

पतन्त्या स तया वेगाद्राक्षसोऽशनिनादया ।
हृतोत्तमाङ्गो ददृशे वातरुग्ण इव द्रुमः ॥४॥

4. patantyā sa tayā vegādrākṣaso'śaninādayā ,
hṛtottamāṅgo dadṛśe vātarugṇa iva drumaḥ.

4. patantyā saḥ tayā vegāt rākṣasaḥ aśaninādayā
hṛtottamāṅgaḥ dadṛśe vātarugṇaḥ iva drumaḥ

4. Struck by that falling weapon with tremendous force and a thunderous sound, the demon was seen with his head severed, like a tree broken by the wind.

Words meanings summery:

• पतन्त्या (patantyā) - by the falling (weapon) (by the falling)

• सः (saḥ) - he (the rākṣasa) (he, that)

• तया (tayā) - by that (weapon) (by that)

• वेगात् (vegāt) - with tremendous force (from speed, with force, swiftly)

• राक्षसः (rākṣasaḥ) - the demon (demon, rākṣasa)

• अशनिनादया (aśaninādayā) - with a thunderous sound (with thunder-like sound, with a clap of thunder)

• हृतोत्तमाङ्गः (hṛtottamāṅgaḥ) - with his head severed (having his head cut off, deprived of his head)

• ददृशे (dadṛśe) - was seen (was seen, he saw)

• वातरुग्णः (vātarugṇaḥ) - broken by the wind (broken by wind, shattered by wind)

• इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

• द्रुमः (drumaḥ) - a tree (tree)

Words meanings and morphology

पतन्त्या (patantyā) - by the falling (weapon) (by the falling)

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of patantī

patantī - falling, descending

present active participle

Feminine form of patat (from √pat)

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'tayā'

सः (saḥ) - he (the rākṣasa) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Subject of dadṛśe

तया (tayā) - by that (weapon) (by that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Instrument of action.

वेगात् (vegāt) - with tremendous force (from speed, with force, swiftly)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of vega

vega - speed, force, impulse, velocity

राक्षसः (rākṣasaḥ) - the demon (demon, rākṣasa)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - a demon, an evil being

Note: Also functions as subject

अशनिनादया (aśaninādayā) - with a thunderous sound (with thunder-like sound, with a clap of thunder)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of aśanināda

aśanināda - thunder-like sound, sound of a thunderbolt

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (aśani+nāda)

• aśani – thunderbolt, lightning
  noun (masculine)
• nāda – sound, roar, cry
  noun (masculine)
  Root: nad (class 1)

Note: Adverbial use, qualifying the action of striking.

हृतोत्तमाङ्गः (hṛtottamāṅgaḥ) - with his head severed (having his head cut off, deprived of his head)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hṛtottamāṅga

hṛtottamāṅga - one whose excellent limb (head) has been carried away or severed

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hṛta+uttama+aṅga)

• hṛta – taken, carried away, stolen
  participle (masculine)
  past passive participle
  From √hṛ (to carry, take)
  Root: hṛ (class 1)
• uttama – highest, best, chief
  adjective (masculine)
• aṅga – limb, body part
  noun (neuter)

ददृशे (dadṛśe) - was seen (was seen, he saw)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (lit) of dṛś

perfect middle

Reduplicated perfect, 3rd person singular, middle voice

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Passively describing the rākṣasa.

वातरुग्णः (vātarugṇaḥ) - broken by the wind (broken by wind, shattered by wind)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vātarugṇa

vātarugṇa - broken by wind, shattered by wind

Compound type : tṛtīyā-tatpuruṣa (vāta+rugṇa)

• vāta – wind, air
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vā (class 2)
• rugṇa – broken, fractured, crushed
  participle (masculine)
  past passive participle
  From √ruj (to break, injure)
  Root: ruj (class 6)

इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

Particle of comparison

द्रुमः (drumaḥ) - a tree (tree)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of druma

druma - tree

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Compares the fallen rākṣasa to a tree.