महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-270, verse-1

मार्कण्डेय उवाच ।
ततः प्रहस्तः सहसा समभ्येत्य विभीषणम् ।
गदया ताडयामास विनद्य रणकर्कशः ॥१॥

1. mārkaṇḍeya uvāca ,
tataḥ prahastaḥ sahasā samabhyetya vibhīṣaṇam ,
gadayā tāḍayāmāsa vinadya raṇakarkaśaḥ.

1. mārkaṇḍeyaḥ uvāca tataḥ prahastaḥ sahasā samabhyetya
vibhīṣaṇam gadayā tāḍayāmāsa vinadya raṇakarkaśaḥ

1. Markandeya said: Then Prahasta, fierce in battle, suddenly approached Vibhishana, and roaring, struck him with a mace.

Words meanings summery:

• मार्कण्डेयः (mārkaṇḍeyaḥ) - Markandeya

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, thereupon

• प्रहस्तः (prahastaḥ) - Prahasta

• सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, forcefully, violently

• समभ्येत्य (samabhyetya) - having approached, having come near

• विभीषणम् (vibhīṣaṇam) - Vibhishana

• गदया (gadayā) - with a mace

• ताडयामास (tāḍayāmāsa) - he struck, he beat

• विनद्य (vinadya) - having roared, making a loud noise

• रणकर्कशः (raṇakarkaśaḥ) - fierce in battle, harsh in combat

Words meanings and morphology

मार्कण्डेयः (mārkaṇḍeyaḥ) - Markandeya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mārkaṇḍeya

mārkaṇḍeya - Markandeya (name of a sage)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, thereupon

(indeclinable)

प्रहस्तः (prahastaḥ) - Prahasta

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prahasta

prahasta - Prahasta (name of a Rākṣasa general)

सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, forcefully, violently

(indeclinable)

Often considered instrumental of sahas (force) used adverbially.

समभ्येत्य (samabhyetya) - having approached, having come near

(indeclinable)

Absolutive / Gerund

Absolutive of root 'i' (to go) with prefixes 'sam' and 'abhi'.

Prefixes: sam+abhi

Root: i (class 2)

विभीषणम् (vibhīṣaṇam) - Vibhishana

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vibhīṣaṇa

vibhīṣaṇa - Vibhishana (name of Rāvaṇa's younger brother)

गदया (gadayā) - with a mace

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of gadā

gadā - mace, club

ताडयामास (tāḍayāmāsa) - he struck, he beat

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, periphrastic perfect (lit) of tāḍ

Periphrastic Perfect

Denominative verb from 'tāḍa' (a blow), formed with 'āmāsa' from 'as' (to be).

Root: taḍ (class 10)

विनद्य (vinadya) - having roared, making a loud noise

(indeclinable)

Absolutive / Gerund

Absolutive of root 'nad' (to sound) with prefix 'vi'.

Prefix: vi

Root: nad (class 1)

रणकर्कशः (raṇakarkaśaḥ) - fierce in battle, harsh in combat

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of raṇakarkaśa

raṇakarkaśa - harsh in battle, fierce in war

Compound type : tatpurusha (raṇa+karkaśa)

• raṇa – battle, war, combat
  noun (masculine)
  Root: raṇ (class 1)
• karkaśa – harsh, rough, fierce, cruel
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'Prahastaḥ'.