महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-265, verse-1

मार्कण्डेय उवाच ।
ततस्तां भर्तृशोकार्तां दीनां मलिनवाससम् ।
मणिशेषाभ्यलंकारां रुदतीं च पतिव्रताम् ॥१॥

1. mārkaṇḍeya uvāca ,
tatastāṁ bhartṛśokārtāṁ dīnāṁ malinavāsasam ,
maṇiśeṣābhyalaṁkārāṁ rudatīṁ ca pativratām.

1. mārkaṇḍeyaḥ uvāca tataḥ tām bhartṛśokārtām dīnām
malinavāsasam maṇiśeṣābhyalaṃkārām rudatīm ca pativratām

1. Mārkaṇḍeya said: Then, (Rāvaṇa saw) her, who was suffering greatly from grief for her husband, looking miserable, wearing dirty clothes, with only a few jewels remaining as ornaments, weeping, and steadfast in her devotion as a chaste wife.

Words meanings summery:

• मार्कण्डेयः (mārkaṇḍeyaḥ) - The sage Mārkaṇḍeya. (Mārkaṇḍeya (a sage))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, afterwards

• ताम् (tām) - Referring to Sītā. (her, that (feminine))

• भर्तृशोकार्ताम् (bhartṛśokārtām) - Sītā, afflicted by sorrow for Rāma. (afflicted by sorrow for her husband)

• दीनाम् (dīnām) - wretched, miserable, sad

• मलिनवाससम् (malinavāsasam) - wearing dirty clothes

• मणिशेषाभ्यलंकाराम् (maṇiśeṣābhyalaṁkārām) - having only a few jewels remaining as ornaments

• रुदतीम् (rudatīm) - weeping, crying

• च (ca) - and, also

• पतिव्रताम् (pativratām) - a chaste wife, devoted to her husband

Words meanings and morphology

मार्कण्डेयः (mārkaṇḍeyaḥ) - The sage Mārkaṇḍeya. (Mārkaṇḍeya (a sage))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mārkaṇḍeya

mārkaṇḍeya - Son of Mṛkaṇḍu, a celebrated sage

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense

3rd person singular, Perfect active

Root: vac (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, afterwards

(indeclinable)

ताम् (tām) - Referring to Sītā. (her, that (feminine))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

भर्तृशोकार्ताम् (bhartṛśokārtām) - Sītā, afflicted by sorrow for Rāma. (afflicted by sorrow for her husband)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of bhartṛśokārta

bhartṛśokārta - afflicted by sorrow for husband

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bhartṛ+śoka+ārta)

• bhartṛ – husband, maintainer
  noun (masculine)
  Root: bhṛ (class 3)
• śoka – sorrow, grief
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• ārta – afflicted, distressed, suffering
  past passive participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'ṛ' (to go, move) with prefix 'ā', meaning 'afflicted' or 'stricken'.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ṛ (class 1)

दीनाम् (dīnām) - wretched, miserable, sad

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dīna

dīna - wretched, miserable, poor, sad

मलिनवाससम् (malinavāsasam) - wearing dirty clothes

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of malinavāsas

malinavāsas - one wearing dirty clothes

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (malina+vāsas)

• malina – dirty, stained, impure
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: mal (class 1)
• vāsas – garment, clothing
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vas (class 2)

मणिशेषाभ्यलंकाराम् (maṇiśeṣābhyalaṁkārām) - having only a few jewels remaining as ornaments

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of maṇiśeṣābhyalaṃkārā

maṇiśeṣābhyalaṁkārā - one whose ornaments are only the remaining jewels

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (maṇi+śeṣa+abhyalaṃkāra)

• maṇi – jewel, gem
  noun (masculine)
• śeṣa – remaining, residue, balance
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śiṣ (class 7)
• abhyalaṃkāra – ornament, decoration
  noun (masculine)
  Prefixes: abhi+alam
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

रुदतीम् (rudatīm) - weeping, crying

(participle)

Accusative, feminine, singular of rudat

rudat - weeping, crying

Present Active Participle

Feminine form of rudat

Root: rud (class 2)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

पतिव्रताम् (pativratām) - a chaste wife, devoted to her husband

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pativratā

pativratā - a chaste and devoted wife

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (pati+vrata)

• pati – master, lord, husband
  noun (masculine)
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, duty
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vṛ (class 9)