महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-256, verse-17

तमुवाच ततो ज्येष्ठो भ्राता सप्रणयं वचः ।
मुञ्चैनमधमाचारं प्रमाणं यदि ते वयम् ॥१७॥

17. tamuvāca tato jyeṣṭho bhrātā sapraṇayaṁ vacaḥ ,
muñcainamadhamācāraṁ pramāṇaṁ yadi te vayam.

17. tam uvāca tataḥ jyeṣṭhaḥ bhrātā sapraṇayam vacaḥ
muñca enam adhamācāram pramāṇam yadi te vayam

17. Then the eldest brother (Yudhishthira) spoke affectionate words to him (Bhima): "Release this ill-behaved one, if you respect us."

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - to Bhima (him, to him)

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

• ज्येष्ठः (jyeṣṭhaḥ) - the eldest

• भ्राता (bhrātā) - Yudhishthira (brother)

• सप्रणयम् (sapraṇayam) - with affection, gently

• वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech

• मुञ्च (muñca) - release, let go

• एनम् (enam) - Duhshasana (him)

• अधमाचारम् (adhamācāram) - whose conduct is vile, ill-behaved

• प्रमाणम् (pramāṇam) - regarded as authority (authority, evidence, standard)

• यदि (yadi) - if

• ते (te) - to you, for you

• वयम् (vayam) - Yudhishthira and his brothers (we)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - to Bhima (him, to him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Bhima.

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect active 3rd singular

Formed from root vac. Irregular perfect.

Root: vac (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

(indeclinable)

ज्येष्ठः (jyeṣṭhaḥ) - the eldest

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jyeṣṭha

jyeṣṭha - eldest, chief, most excellent

Superlative of vṛddha (old).

Note: Agrees with bhrātā.

भ्राता (bhrātā) - Yudhishthira (brother)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

Note: Refers to Yudhishthira.

सप्रणयम् (sapraṇayam) - with affection, gently

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sapraṇaya

sapraṇaya - accompanied by affection, tender, gentle

Formed by prefixing sa- (with) to praṇaya.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+praṇaya)

• sa – with, accompanied by, possessing
  indeclinable
  Prefix
• praṇaya – affection, love, confidence, respect
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: ṇī (class 1)

Note: Functions adverbially, modifying the verb uvāca.

वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, saying

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: The nominative and accusative singular of vacas are both vacaḥ.

मुञ्च (muñca) - release, let go

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of muc

Imperative active 2nd singular

Formed from root muc (6th class).

Root: muc (class 6)

Note: Addressed to Bhima.

एनम् (enam) - Duhshasana (him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ena

ena - this, that, him, her, it (anaphoric pronoun)

Note: Refers to Duhshasana.

अधमाचारम् (adhamācāram) - whose conduct is vile, ill-behaved

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of adhamācāra

adhamācāra - ill-behaved, vile in conduct, whose actions are low

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (adhama+ācāra)

• adhama – lowest, mean, vile, inferior
  adjective (masculine)
• ācāra – conduct, custom, practice, behavior
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: car (class 1)

प्रमाणम् (pramāṇam) - regarded as authority (authority, evidence, standard)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pramāṇa

pramāṇa - authority, standard, means of knowledge, proof, measure

Root: mā (class 2)

Note: Predicative nominative with vayam.

यदि (yadi) - if

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a conditional clause.

ते (te) - to you, for you

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

Note: Enclitic form of the dative pronoun.

वयम् (vayam) - Yudhishthira and his brothers (we)

(pronoun)

Nominative, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we (pronoun)