महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-256, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
जयद्रथस्तु संप्रेक्ष्य भ्रातरावुद्यतायुधौ ।
प्राद्रवत्तूर्णमव्यग्रो जीवितेप्सुः सुदुःखितः ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
jayadrathastu saṁprekṣya bhrātarāvudyatāyudhau ,
prādravattūrṇamavyagro jīvitepsuḥ suduḥkhitaḥ.

1. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca jayadrathaḥ tu samprekṣya bhrātarau
udyatāyudhau prādravat tūrṇam avyagraḥ jīvitepsuḥ suduḥkhitaḥ

1. Vaiśaṃpāyana said: Jayadratha, however, upon seeing the two brothers with their weapons raised, became greatly distressed. Desiring to save his life, he quickly fled without hesitation.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśaṃpāyana (Vaiśaṃpāyana (proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• जयद्रथः (jayadrathaḥ) - Jayadratha (Jayadratha (proper name))

• तु (tu) - however (but, on the other hand, however)

• सम्प्रेक्ष्य (samprekṣya) - upon seeing, having clearly seen (having seen, having observed, having perceived)

• भ्रातरौ (bhrātarau) - the two brothers (Bhīma and Arjuna) (two brothers)

• उद्यतायुधौ (udyatāyudhau) - with their weapons raised (with weapons raised, having lifted their weapons)

• प्राद्रवत् (prādravat) - fled (ran away, fled)

• तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly (quickly, swiftly)

• अव्यग्रः (avyagraḥ) - without hesitation (not agitated, calm, unperplexed)

• जीवितेप्सुः (jīvitepsuḥ) - desiring to save his life (desirous of living, seeking life)

• सुदुःखितः (suduḥkhitaḥ) - greatly distressed (very distressed, extremely grieved)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśaṃpāyana (Vaiśaṃpāyana (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - name of a sage, a disciple of Vyāsa

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

जयद्रथः (jayadrathaḥ) - Jayadratha (Jayadratha (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jayadratha

jayadratha - name of the king of Sindhu, husband of Duryodhana's sister

तु (tu) - however (but, on the other hand, however)

(indeclinable)

सम्प्रेक्ष्य (samprekṣya) - upon seeing, having clearly seen (having seen, having observed, having perceived)

(indeclinable)

Gerund/Absolutive

Derived from √īkṣ with prefixes sam and pra, and suffix -ya

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

भ्रातरौ (bhrātarau) - the two brothers (Bhīma and Arjuna) (two brothers)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

Note: Refers to Bhīma and Arjuna.

उद्यतायुधौ (udyatāyudhau) - with their weapons raised (with weapons raised, having lifted their weapons)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, dual of udyatāyudha

udyatāyudha - having raised weapons, with weapons uplifted

Compound type : bahuvrihi (udyata+āyudha)

• udyata – raised, uplifted, prepared
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √yam (to raise, to hold) with prefix ud
  Prefix: ud
  Root: yam (class 1)
• āyudha – weapon, implement
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies `bhrātarau`.

प्राद्रवत् (prādravat) - fled (ran away, fled)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of dru

Prefix: pra

Root: dru (class 1)

तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly (quickly, swiftly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions as an adverb.

अव्यग्रः (avyagraḥ) - without hesitation (not agitated, calm, unperplexed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avyagra

avyagra - not agitated, calm, composed, alert

Compound of 'a' (negation) and 'vyagra' (agitated)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vyagra)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• vyagra – agitated, perplexed, busy
  adjective (masculine)
  From √agri (to go, move) with prefix vi
  Prefix: vi
  Root: agri (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Jayadratha.

जीवितेप्सुः (jīvitepsuḥ) - desiring to save his life (desirous of living, seeking life)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jīvitepsu

jīvitepsu - desirous of life

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jīvita+īpsu)

• jīvita – life, living
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle (substantivized)
  From √jīv (to live)
  Root: jīv (class 1)
• īpsu – desirous of, wishing to obtain
  adjective (masculine)
  Desiderative suffix
  From desiderative of √āp (to obtain), with suffix -u
  Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Qualifies Jayadratha.

सुदुःखितः (suduḥkhitaḥ) - greatly distressed (very distressed, extremely grieved)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suduḥkhita

suduḥkhita - very sad, extremely distressed

Compound type : pravādi-samāsa (su+duḥkhita)

• su – good, well, very, excellent
  indeclinable
  Intensifying prefix
• duḥkhita – distressed, afflicted, sorrowful
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √duḥkh (to suffer, to cause pain)
  Root: duḥkh (class 10)

Note: Qualifies Jayadratha.