महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-256, verse-10

विकल्पयित्वा राजानं ततः प्राह वृकोदरः ।
जीवितुं चेच्छसे मूढ हेतुं मे गदतः शृणु ॥१०॥

10. vikalpayitvā rājānaṁ tataḥ prāha vṛkodaraḥ ,
jīvituṁ cecchase mūḍha hetuṁ me gadataḥ śṛṇu.

10. vikalpayitvā rājānam tataḥ prāha vṛkodaraḥ
jīvitum cet icchase mūḍha hetum me gadataḥ śṛṇu

10. Having thus humiliated the king, Bhima (Vṛkodaraḥ) then said: 'O fool, if you wish to live, listen to the reason I am telling you.'

Words meanings summery:

• विकल्पयित्वा (vikalpayitvā) - having humiliated (having insulted, having humiliated, having doubted, having deliberated)

• राजानम् (rājānam) - the king (Duryodhana) (king, ruler)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereafter, from there)

• प्राह (prāha) - he said (he said, he spoke forth)

• वृकोदरः (vṛkodaraḥ) - Bhima (Bhima, wolf-bellied)

• जीवितुम् (jīvitum) - to live (to live, to exist, to be alive)

• चेत् (cet) - if (if, suppose that)

• इच्छसे (icchase) - you wish (you wish, you desire, you seek)

• मूढ (mūḍha) - O fool (foolish, stupid, bewildered, fool)

• हेतुम् (hetum) - the reason (reason, cause, motive)

• मे (me) - my (referring to what Bhima is about to say) (my, to me, of me)

• गदतः (gadataḥ) - as I speak (of me speaking) (speaking, telling, saying)

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen! (listen!, hear!, pay attention!)

Words meanings and morphology

विकल्पयित्वा (vikalpayitvā) - having humiliated (having insulted, having humiliated, having doubted, having deliberated)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Absolutive (gerund) of √kalp with prefix `vi`, causative form (`kalpayati`).

Prefix: vi

Root: kḷp (class 10)

राजानम् (rājānam) - the king (Duryodhana) (king, ruler)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign, ruler

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereafter, from there)

(indeclinable)

प्राह (prāha) - he said (he said, he spoke forth)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of pra-ah

Perfect tense, active voice, 3rd person singular of √ah (to say) with prefix `pra`.

Prefix: pra

Root: ah (class 2)

वृकोदरः (vṛkodaraḥ) - Bhima (Bhima, wolf-bellied)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛkodara

vṛkodara - wolf-bellied; a name of Bhima

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vṛka+udara)

• vṛka – wolf
  noun (masculine)
• udara – belly, stomach
  noun (neuter)

Note: An epithet for Bhima.

जीवितुम् (jīvitum) - to live (to live, to exist, to be alive)

(verb)

infinitive of jīv

infinitive

Infinitive form of √jīv.

Root: jīv (class 1)

चेत् (cet) - if (if, suppose that)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

इच्छसे (icchase) - you wish (you wish, you desire, you seek)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of iṣ

Present tense, middle voice, 2nd person singular of √iṣ.

Root: iṣ (class 6)

मूढ (mūḍha) - O fool (foolish, stupid, bewildered, fool)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mūḍha

mūḍha - foolish, stupid, bewildered, infatuated

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of √muh (to be bewildered).

Root: muh (class 4)

हेतुम् (hetum) - the reason (reason, cause, motive)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hetu

hetu - reason, cause, motive, ground

मे (me) - my (referring to what Bhima is about to say) (my, to me, of me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Used as a genitive here: 'of me speaking'.

गदतः (gadataḥ) - as I speak (of me speaking) (speaking, telling, saying)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of gadat

gadat - speaking, telling

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of √gad (to speak).

Root: gad (class 1)

Note: Refers to the speaker, Bhima.

शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen! (listen!, hear!, pay attention!)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śru

Imperative mood, active voice, 2nd person singular of √śru.

Root: śru (class 5)