महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-230, verse-20

ततस्ते मृदवोऽभूवन्गन्धर्वाः शरपीडिताः ।
उच्चुक्रुशुश्च कौरव्या गन्धर्वान्प्रेक्ष्य पीडितान् ॥२०॥

20. tataste mṛdavo'bhūvangandharvāḥ śarapīḍitāḥ ,
uccukruśuśca kauravyā gandharvānprekṣya pīḍitān.

20. tataḥ te mṛdavaḥ abhūvan gandharvāḥ śarapīḍitāḥ
uccukruśuḥ ca kauravyāḥ gandharvān prekṣya pīḍitān

20. Then, afflicted by arrows, those Gandharvas became powerless. And the Kauravas, seeing the Gandharvas in distress, cried out loudly.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereupon, from that)

• ते (te) - those (Gandharvas) (those, they)

• मृदवः (mṛdavaḥ) - powerless, weak (soft, tender, gentle, weak, powerless)

• अभूवन् (abhūvan) - they became (they became, they were)

• गन्धर्वाः (gandharvāḥ) - the Gandharvas

• शरपीडिताः (śarapīḍitāḥ) - afflicted by arrows (afflicted by arrows, wounded by arrows)

• उच्चुक्रुशुः (uccukruśuḥ) - they cried out loudly (they cried out, they shrieked)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• कौरव्याः (kauravyāḥ) - the Kauravas

• गन्धर्वान् (gandharvān) - the Gandharvas

• प्रेक्ष्य (prekṣya) - seeing (having seen, having observed)

• पीडितान् (pīḍitān) - distressed (afflicted, tormented, distressed)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereupon, from that)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial particle.

ते (te) - those (Gandharvas) (those, they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those (demonstrative pronoun)

मृदवः (mṛdavaḥ) - powerless, weak (soft, tender, gentle, weak, powerless)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mṛdu

mṛdu - soft, tender, mild, weak, helpless

अभूवन् (abhūvan) - they became (they became, they were)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect active, 3rd person plural

From root `bhū`.

Root: bhū (class 1)

गन्धर्वाः (gandharvāḥ) - the Gandharvas

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gandharva

gandharva - Gandharva (a class of celestial beings, heavenly musicians)

शरपीडिताः (śarapīḍitāḥ) - afflicted by arrows (afflicted by arrows, wounded by arrows)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śarapīḍita

śarapīḍita - tormented by arrows, wounded by arrows

Bahuvrihi compound (one whose suffering is by arrows).

Compound of `śara` (arrow) and `pīḍita` (afflicted, wounded - PPP of `pīḍ`).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śara+pīḍita)

• śara – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• pīḍita – afflicted, tormented, oppressed, wounded
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `pīḍ` (to oppress, hurt).
  Root: pīḍ (class 10)

उच्चुक्रुशुः (uccukruśuḥ) - they cried out loudly (they cried out, they shrieked)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of kruś

Perfect active, 3rd person plural

From root `kruś` with prefix `ud`.

Prefix: ud

Root: kruś (class 1)

Note: The reduplication in `uccukruśuḥ` is characteristic of the perfect tense.

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

कौरव्याः (kauravyāḥ) - the Kauravas

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kauravya

kauravya - a descendant of Kuru, Kaurava

Derived from `kuru` with `ya` suffix (or `ṇya`).

Note: Subject of `uccukruśuḥ`.

गन्धर्वान् (gandharvān) - the Gandharvas

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of gandharva

gandharva - Gandharva (a class of celestial beings, heavenly musicians)

प्रेक्ष्य (prekṣya) - seeing (having seen, having observed)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive / Gerund

From root `īkṣ` (to see) with prefix `pra`. Formed with suffix `-ya` (after a prefix).

Prefix: pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

पीडितान् (pīḍitān) - distressed (afflicted, tormented, distressed)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pīḍita

pīḍita - afflicted, tormented, oppressed, wounded

Past Passive Participle

From root `pīḍ` (to oppress, hurt).

Root: pīḍ (class 10)