महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-230, verse-19

ततः संन्यपतन्सर्वे गन्धर्वाः कौरवैः सह ।
तदा सुतुमुलं युद्धमभवल्लोमहर्षणम् ॥१९॥

19. tataḥ saṁnyapatansarve gandharvāḥ kauravaiḥ saha ,
tadā sutumulaṁ yuddhamabhavallomaharṣaṇam.

19. tataḥ saṃnyapatan sarve gandharvāḥ kauravaiḥ
saha tadā sutumulam yuddham abhavat lomaharṣaṇam

19. Then, all the Gandharvas attacked the Kauravas. At that time, a very tumultuous and hair-raising battle occurred.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereupon, from that)

• संन्यपतन् (saṁnyapatan) - they attacked (they fell upon, they attacked)

• सर्वे (sarve) - all (all, every)

• गन्धर्वाः (gandharvāḥ) - the Gandharvas

• कौरवैः (kauravaiḥ) - the Kauravas (by the Kauravas, with the Kauravas)

• सह (saha) - with (with, together with, along with)

• तदा (tadā) - at that time (then, at that time)

• सुतुमुलम् (sutumulam) - very tumultuous (very tumultuous, extremely fierce, very confused)

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle (battle, war, fight)

• अभवत् (abhavat) - occurred, ensued (it became, it happened, it occurred)

• लोमहर्षणम् (lomaharṣaṇam) - hair-raising (causing the hair to stand on end, thrilling, horrifying)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereupon, from that)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial particle.

संन्यपतन् (saṁnyapatan) - they attacked (they fell upon, they attacked)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of saṃnyapat

Imperfect active, 3rd person plural

From root `pat` (to fall) with prefixes `sam` and `ni`.

Prefixes: sam+ni

Root: pat (class 1)

सर्वे (sarve) - all (all, every)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Note: Agrees with `gandharvāḥ`.

गन्धर्वाः (gandharvāḥ) - the Gandharvas

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gandharva

gandharva - Gandharva (a class of celestial beings, heavenly musicians)

Note: Subject of `saṃnyapatan`.

कौरवैः (kauravaiḥ) - the Kauravas (by the Kauravas, with the Kauravas)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kaurava

kaurava - descendant of Kuru, a member of the Kuru dynasty, Kaurava

Derived from `kuru` with `aṇ` suffix.

Note: `kauravaiḥ saha` means 'with the Kauravas'.

सह (saha) - with (with, together with, along with)

(indeclinable)

Preposition/postposition governing instrumental case.

तदा (tadā) - at that time (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial particle from `tad`.

सुतुमुलम् (sutumulam) - very tumultuous (very tumultuous, extremely fierce, very confused)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sutumula

sutumula - very tumultuous, extremely agitated/fierce

Preceded by `su-` (good, well, very) for intensification.

Compound type : pra-ādi samāsa (su+tumula)

• su – good, well, very, excellent
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating intensity or excellence.
• tumula – tumultuous, noisy, agitated, fierce
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Agrees with `yuddham`.

युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle (battle, war, fight)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, war, fight

Past Passive Participle of `yudh` used as a noun.

From root `yudh` (to fight).

Root: yudh (class 4)

अभवत् (abhavat) - occurred, ensued (it became, it happened, it occurred)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect active, 3rd person singular

From root `bhū`.

Root: bhū (class 1)

लोमहर्षणम् (lomaharṣaṇam) - hair-raising (causing the hair to stand on end, thrilling, horrifying)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of lomaharṣaṇa

lomaharṣaṇa - causing the hair to stand on end, thrilling, horrifying

Denominative from `loman` (hair) + `hṛṣ` (to bristle) + `ṇa` (causal suffix) + `ana` (agent noun/adjective).

Compound of `loman` (hair) and `harṣaṇa` (causing to bristle, exciting).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (loman+harṣaṇa)

• loman – hair, down, wool
  noun (neuter)
• harṣaṇa – causing bristling, exciting, thrilling
  adjective (neuter)
  Causal agent noun/adjective
  From root `hṛṣ` (to bristle, be thrilled), causal `harṣayati`.
  Root: hṛṣ (class 4)