महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-230, verse-18

भूयश्च योधयामासुः कृत्वा कर्णमथाग्रतः ।
महता रथघोषेण हयचारेण चाप्युत ।
वैकर्तनं परीप्सन्तो गन्धर्वान्समवारयन् ॥१८॥

18. bhūyaśca yodhayāmāsuḥ kṛtvā karṇamathāgrataḥ ,
mahatā rathaghoṣeṇa hayacāreṇa cāpyuta ,
vaikartanaṁ parīpsanto gandharvānsamavārayan.

18. bhūyaḥ ca yodhayāmāsuḥ kṛtvā karṇam
atha agrataḥ mahatā rathaghoṣeṇa
hayacāreṇa ca api uta vaikartanam
parīpsantaḥ gandharvān samavārayan

18. Then, having placed Karna at the forefront, they fought again. Indeed, desiring to protect Karna, they held back the Gandharvas with a great roar of chariots and the advance of horses.

Words meanings summery:

• भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again (again, repeatedly, further)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• योधयामासुः (yodhayāmāsuḥ) - they fought (they caused to fight, they fought)

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having placed, having made (having done, having made)

• कर्णम् (karṇam) - Karna (ear, Karna (proper noun))

• अथ (atha) - then (then, now, thereupon)

• अग्रतः (agrataḥ) - at the forefront (in front, at the head, previously)

• महता (mahatā) - with great (by great, with great)

• रथघोषेण (rathaghoṣeṇa) - with the great roar of chariots (by the sound of chariots, with the roar of chariots)

• हयचारेण (hayacāreṇa) - with the advance of horses (by the movement of horses, with the advance of horses)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• अपि (api) - indeed (also, even, indeed)

• उत (uta) - indeed (and, or, even, indeed, moreover)

• वैकर्तनम् (vaikartanam) - Karna (son of Vikartana (Surya), Karna)

• परीप्सन्तः (parīpsantaḥ) - desiring to protect (desiring to protect, wishing to preserve)

• गन्धर्वान् (gandharvān) - the Gandharvas

• समवारयन् (samavārayan) - they held back, they confronted (they checked, they obstructed, they warded off)

Words meanings and morphology

भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again (again, repeatedly, further)

(indeclinable)

Comparative form of 'bahu' (much), used adverbially.

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

योधयामासुः (yodhayāmāsuḥ) - they fought (they caused to fight, they fought)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of yodh

Causal root `yodh` from `yudh`

Causal stem `yodhaya`, perfect active, 3rd person plural.

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: This is a Periphrastic Perfect formation `yodhaya + āmāsuḥ`. `āmāsuḥ` comes from `as` (to be).

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having placed, having made (having done, having made)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive / Gerund

Formed with suffix -tvā.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

कर्णम् (karṇam) - Karna (ear, Karna (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - ear, helm of a ship, a proper name

अथ (atha) - then (then, now, thereupon)

(indeclinable)

अग्रतः (agrataḥ) - at the forefront (in front, at the head, previously)

(indeclinable)

Derived from `agra` with suffix `-tas`.

महता (mahatā) - with great (by great, with great)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, mighty, large

Present active participle of `mah` (to be great), but usually functions as an adjective.

Note: Agrees with `rathaghoṣeṇa` and `hayacāreṇa`.

रथघोषेण (rathaghoṣeṇa) - with the great roar of chariots (by the sound of chariots, with the roar of chariots)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rathaghoṣa

rathaghoṣa - chariot-sound, roar of chariots

Tatpurusha compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+ghoṣa)

• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
• ghoṣa – sound, noise, roar
  noun (masculine)
  From root `ghuṣ` (to sound).
  Root: ghuṣ (class 1)

हयचारेण (hayacāreṇa) - with the advance of horses (by the movement of horses, with the advance of horses)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of hayacāra

hayacāra - movement of horses, advance of horses

Tatpurusha compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (haya+cāra)

• haya – horse
  noun (masculine)
• cāra – movement, walking, course
  noun (masculine)
  From root `car` (to move).
  Root: car (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - indeed (also, even, indeed)

(indeclinable)

उत (uta) - indeed (and, or, even, indeed, moreover)

(indeclinable)

वैकर्तनम् (vaikartanam) - Karna (son of Vikartana (Surya), Karna)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vaikartana

vaikartana - relating to Vikartana, son of Vikartana, Karna (an epithet of Karna as son of Surya)

Patronymic from Vikartana (an epithet of the Sun-god).

परीप्सन्तः (parīpsantaḥ) - desiring to protect (desiring to protect, wishing to preserve)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of parīpsat

parīpsat - desiring to obtain, wishing to save/protect

Desiderative present active participle

From desiderative stem of `āp` (to obtain) with `pari` (around, completely), + present participle suffix. `pari-āp` becomes `parīps`.

Prefix: pari

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject (Kauravas or their forces).

गन्धर्वान् (gandharvān) - the Gandharvas

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of gandharva

gandharva - Gandharva (a class of celestial beings, heavenly musicians)

समवारयन् (samavārayan) - they held back, they confronted (they checked, they obstructed, they warded off)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of samavāraya

Causal imperfect active, 3rd person plural

From root `vṛ` (to cover, choose) with `sam-ava` and causal suffix `-aya`. `sam-ava-vṛ`.

Prefixes: sam+ava

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: The root `vṛ` can mean to cover, obstruct, or choose. Here, with `sam-ava`, in causal, it means to stop/restrain/check.