महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-228, verse-23

अनुज्ञातस्तु गान्धारिः कर्णेन सहितस्तदा ।
निर्ययौ भरतश्रेष्ठो बलेन महता वृतः ॥२३॥

23. anujñātastu gāndhāriḥ karṇena sahitastadā ,
niryayau bharataśreṣṭho balena mahatā vṛtaḥ.

23. anujñātaḥ tu gāndhāriḥ karṇena sahitaḥ tadā
niryayau bharataśreṣṭhaḥ balena mahatā vṛtaḥ

23. But then, having been permitted, Duryodhana, the son of Gandhari and best of the Bharatas, accompanied by Karna, set forth, surrounded by a great army.

Words meanings summery:

• अनुज्ञातः (anujñātaḥ) - permitted, allowed, consented to

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand

• गान्धारिः (gāndhāriḥ) - Duryodhana (son of Gandhari (Duryodhana))

• कर्णेन (karṇena) - by Karna

• सहितः (sahitaḥ) - accompanied, together with

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• निर्ययौ (niryayau) - he went forth, he departed, he set out

• भरतश्रेष्ठः (bharataśreṣṭhaḥ) - Duryodhana (best of the Bharatas (Duryodhana))

• बलेन (balena) - by force, with an army

• महता (mahatā) - great, mighty, large

• वृतः (vṛtaḥ) - surrounded, encompassed, accompanied

Words meanings and morphology

अनुज्ञातः (anujñātaḥ) - permitted, allowed, consented to

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anujñāta

anujñāta - permitted, allowed, consented to, authorized

Past Passive Participle

From anu-jñā (to permit)

Prefix: anu

Root: jñā (class 9)

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

गान्धारिः (gāndhāriḥ) - Duryodhana (son of Gandhari (Duryodhana))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gāndhāri

gāndhāri - son of Gandhari (referring to Duryodhana)

Patronymic from gāndhārī (Gandhari)

Note: Refers to Duryodhana.

कर्णेन (karṇena) - by Karna

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karna (name of a prominent warrior)

Note: Denotes accompaniment with sahitaḥ.

सहितः (sahitaḥ) - accompanied, together with

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sahita

sahita - accompanied by, together with, connected with

Past Passive Participle

From root dhā with saha and ita

Prefix: sa

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Literally 'placed with'.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

From tad (that) + dā (temporal suffix)

निर्ययौ (niryayau) - he went forth, he departed, he set out

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of niryā

Perfect Active

Perfect tense form of root yā (to go) with nir (out)

Prefix: nis

Root: yā (class 2)

भरतश्रेष्ठः (bharataśreṣṭhaḥ) - Duryodhana (best of the Bharatas (Duryodhana))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bharataśreṣṭha

bharataśreṣṭha - best of the Bharatas (epithet for eminent warriors in the Kuru lineage)

Compound bharata (descendant of Bharata) + śreṣṭha (best)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bharata+śreṣṭha)

• bharata – descendant of Bharata (name of an ancient king)
  proper noun (masculine)
  Root: bhṛ (class 1)
• śreṣṭha – best, most excellent, supreme
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative of praśasya (excellent)

Note: In apposition to gāndhāriḥ.

बलेन (balena) - by force, with an army

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, force, army, troops

Root: bal (class 1)

महता (mahatā) - great, mighty, large

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, considerable, important

From root mah (to be great)

Root: mah (class 1)

वृतः (vṛtaḥ) - surrounded, encompassed, accompanied

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛta

vṛta - surrounded, encompassed, covered, chosen, accompanied by

Past Passive Participle

From root vṛ (to cover, to choose, to surround)

Root: vṛ (class 5)