महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-228, verse-18

शकुनिरुवाच ।
धर्मज्ञः पाण्डवो ज्येष्ठः प्रतिज्ञातं च संसदि ।
तेन द्वादश वर्षाणि वस्तव्यानीति भारत ॥१८॥

18. śakuniruvāca ,
dharmajñaḥ pāṇḍavo jyeṣṭhaḥ pratijñātaṁ ca saṁsadi ,
tena dvādaśa varṣāṇi vastavyānīti bhārata.

18. śakuniḥ uvāca dharmajñaḥ pāṇḍavaḥ jyeṣṭhaḥ pratijñātam
ca saṃsadi tena dvādaśa varṣāṇi vastavyāni iti bhārata

18. Shakuni said: The eldest Pāṇḍava is a knower of righteousness (dharma), and he made a solemn promise in the assembly that they would reside (in the forest) for twelve years, O Bhārata.

Words meanings summery:

• शकुनिः (śakuniḥ) - Shakuni (proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• धर्मज्ञः (dharmajñaḥ) - knower of righteousness, one who knows dharma

• पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - Yudhishthira, the eldest Pandava (descendant of Pandu, the Pandava)

• ज्येष्ठः (jyeṣṭhaḥ) - eldest, chief, best

• प्रतिज्ञातम् (pratijñātam) - promised, vowed, declared

• च (ca) - and, also

• संसदि (saṁsadi) - in the assembly, in the gathering

• तेन (tena) - by the eldest Pandava (Yudhishthira) (by him, by that (person))

• द्वादश (dvādaśa) - twelve

• वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years

• वस्तव्यानि (vastavyāni) - to be resided in, to be lived

• इति (iti) - thus, so, indicating direct speech or thought

• भारत (bhārata) - O Duryodhana (or Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O descendant of Bharata)

Words meanings and morphology

शकुनिः (śakuniḥ) - Shakuni (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakuni

śakuni - a bird, a proper name (Shakuni)

Note: Subject of uvāca.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Tense

3rd person singular perfect tense form of root vac

Root: vac (class 2)

धर्मज्ञः (dharmajñaḥ) - knower of righteousness, one who knows dharma

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmajña

dharmajña - knower of righteousness, expert in natural law (dharma)

Compound of dharma (righteousness) and jña (knower).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+jña)

• dharma – righteousness, natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, (dharma)
  noun (masculine)
  From root dhṛ
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• jña – knowing, knower
  adjective (masculine)
  From root jñā
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Qualifies pāṇḍavaḥ.

पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - Yudhishthira, the eldest Pandava (descendant of Pandu, the Pandava)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - a descendant of Pandu, a name for any of the five Pandava brothers

Patronymic from Paṇḍu

Note: Subject.

ज्येष्ठः (jyeṣṭhaḥ) - eldest, chief, best

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jyeṣṭha

jyeṣṭha - eldest, oldest, chief, best

Superlative of 'vṛddha' (old)

Note: Qualifies pāṇḍavaḥ.

प्रतिज्ञातम् (pratijñātam) - promised, vowed, declared

(adjective)

neuter, singular of pratijñāta

pratijñāta - promised, vowed, declared

Past Passive Participle

PPP of root jñā with upasarga prati

Prefix: prati

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Implies 'it was promised'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

संसदि (saṁsadi) - in the assembly, in the gathering

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of saṃsad

saṁsad - assembly, council

Compound of sam + sad

Prefix: sam

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Place where the promise was made.

तेन (tena) - by the eldest Pandava (Yudhishthira) (by him, by that (person))

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he

Note: Refers to the eldest Pandava (Yudhishthira).

द्वादश (dvādaśa) - twelve

(indeclinable)

Compound of dvi (two) and daśa (ten)

Note: Adjective for 'varṣāṇi'.

वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of varṣa

varṣa - year, rain

Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Denotes duration.

वस्तव्यानि (vastavyāni) - to be resided in, to be lived

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of vastavya

vastavya - to be resided in, to be lived

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

Gerundive of root vas

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Predicative adjective for 'varṣāṇi'.

इति (iti) - thus, so, indicating direct speech or thought

(indeclinable)

Note: Concludes the quoted statement.

भारत (bhārata) - O Duryodhana (or Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O descendant of Bharata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, an epithet for a prince of the Kuru dynasty

Note: Form of address.