महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-192, verse-9

उत्तङ्कस्तु महाराज तपोऽतप्यत्सुदुश्चरम् ।
आरिराधयिषुर्विष्णुं बहून्वर्षगणान्विभो ॥९॥

9. uttaṅkastu mahārāja tapo'tapyatsuduścaram ,
ārirādhayiṣurviṣṇuṁ bahūnvarṣagaṇānvibho.

9. uttaṅkaḥ tu mahārāja tapaḥ atapyat sudurcaram
ārirādhayiṣuḥ viṣṇum bahūn varṣagaṇān vibho

9. But Utanka, O great king (mahārāja), practiced a very arduous spiritual austerity (tapas), desiring to propitiate Vishnu for many, many years, O almighty one (vibho).

Words meanings summery:

• उत्तङ्कः (uttaṅkaḥ) - Utanka (proper name)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• महाराज (mahārāja) - addressing Janamejaya (O great king)

• तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, spiritual fervor (tapas)

• अतप्यत् (atapyat) - performed, practiced, engaged in

• सुदुर्चरम् (sudurcaram) - very difficult to perform/practice, very arduous

• आरिराधयिषुः (ārirādhayiṣuḥ) - desiring to please, wishing to propitiate

• विष्णुम् (viṣṇum) - Vishnu (the deity)

• बहून् (bahūn) - many, numerous

• वर्षगणान् (varṣagaṇān) - groups of years, many years

• विभो (vibho) - addressing Janamejaya as a powerful ruler (O almighty one, O lord)

Words meanings and morphology

उत्तङ्कः (uttaṅkaḥ) - Utanka (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of uttaṅka

uttaṅka - Utanka (name of a sage)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

महाराज (mahārāja) - addressing Janamejaya (O great king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, mighty, vast
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler, prince
  noun (masculine)

तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, spiritual fervor (tapas)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - heat, warmth, self-restraint, spiritual austerity, penance

अतप्यत् (atapyat) - performed, practiced, engaged in

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of tap

Imperfect

Imperfect 3rd person singular active

Root: tap (class 1)

सुदुर्चरम् (sudurcaram) - very difficult to perform/practice, very arduous

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sudurcara

sudurcara - very difficult to perform, very arduous

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+durcara)

• su – good, well, very, easily
  prefix
• durcara – difficult to perform, difficult to be accomplished
  adjective
  From root car (to move, perform) with prefix dur- (bad, difficult)
  Prefix: dur
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'tapaḥ'

आरिराधयिषुः (ārirādhayiṣuḥ) - desiring to please, wishing to propitiate

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ārirādhayiṣu

ārirādhayiṣu - desiring to propitiate, desiring to please

Desiderative Participle

Desiderative form of the causal verb ā-rādh (to propitiate, to satisfy)

Prefix: ā

Root: rādh (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'uttaṅkaḥ'

विष्णुम् (viṣṇum) - Vishnu (the deity)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of viṣṇu

viṣṇu - Vishnu (a principal Hindu deity, the Preserver in the Trimurti)

बहून् (bahūn) - many, numerous

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bahu

bahu - much, many, numerous, abundant

Note: Agrees with 'varṣagaṇān'

वर्षगणान् (varṣagaṇān) - groups of years, many years

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of varṣagaṇa

varṣagaṇa - a series of years, many years

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (varṣa+gaṇa)

• varṣa – year, rain, rainy season
  noun (neuter)
• gaṇa – group, multitude, troop, collection
  noun (masculine)

विभो (vibho) - addressing Janamejaya as a powerful ruler (O almighty one, O lord)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vibhu

vibhu - all-pervading, almighty, sovereign, lord