महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-192, verse-5

एतदिच्छामि तत्त्वेन ज्ञातुं भार्गवसत्तम ।
विपर्यस्तं यथा नाम कुवलाश्वस्य धीमतः ॥५॥

5. etadicchāmi tattvena jñātuṁ bhārgavasattama ,
viparyastaṁ yathā nāma kuvalāśvasya dhīmataḥ.

5. etat icchāmi tattvena jñātum bhārgavasattama
viparyastam yathā nāma kuvalāśvasya dhīmataḥ

5. O best among the Bhṛgus (bhārgavasattama), I wish to know accurately this—how the name of the intelligent Kuvalāśva (Kuvalāśva) was indeed transformed.

Words meanings summery:

• एतत् (etat) - Refers to the query about Kuvalāśva's transformation. (this, this matter)

• इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I wish, I desire

• तत्त्वेन (tattvena) - 'accurately' in the context of seeking knowledge. (truly, accurately, in essence)

• ज्ञातुम् (jñātum) - to know, to learn, to understand

• भार्गवसत्तम (bhārgavasattama) - Adressing a sage, likely the sage Mārkaṇḍeya. (O best of Bhṛgus, O most excellent descendant of Bhṛgu)

• विपर्यस्तम् (viparyastam) - Referring to the change in Kuvalāśva's name or status. (reversed, inverted, transformed, changed)

• यथा (yathā) - Introduces the clause explaining how the name was changed. (as, just as, how, in what manner)

• नाम (nāma) - The name of Kuvalāśva. (name, appellation)

• कुवलाश्वस्य (kuvalāśvasya) - Possessive, 'Kuvalāśva's name'. (of Kuvalāśva)

• धीमतः (dhīmataḥ) - Describing King Kuvalāśva. (of the intelligent, of the wise, of the discerning)

Words meanings and morphology

एतत् (etat) - Refers to the query about Kuvalāśva's transformation. (this, this matter)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Demonstrative pronoun, neuter singular nominative/accusative

Note: Object of jñātum

इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I wish, I desire

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of iṣ

Present active indicative

1st person singular, root iṣ (class 6, parasmaipada)

Root: iṣ (class 6)

तत्त्वेन (tattvena) - 'accurately' in the context of seeking knowledge. (truly, accurately, in essence)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tattva

tattva - truth, reality, essence, principle

Neuter noun

Root: tad

ज्ञातुम् (jñātum) - to know, to learn, to understand

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Infinitive form of root jñā (class 9, parasmaipada)

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Expresses purpose 'to know'

भार्गवसत्तम (bhārgavasattama) - Adressing a sage, likely the sage Mārkaṇḍeya. (O best of Bhṛgus, O most excellent descendant of Bhṛgu)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārgavasattama

bhārgavasattama - best of the Bhṛgus (descendants of sage Bhṛgu)

Compound noun (bhārgava + sattama)

Compound type : tatpurusha (bhārgava+sattama)

• bhārgava – descendant of Bhṛgu, relating to Bhṛgu
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from Bhṛgu
• sattama – best, most excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative degree of 'sat' (good, excellent)

Note: Adresses the sage (Mārkaṇḍeya).

विपर्यस्तम् (viparyastam) - Referring to the change in Kuvalāśva's name or status. (reversed, inverted, transformed, changed)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of viparyasta

viparyasta - inverted, reversed, turned upside down, transformed, changed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from vi + pari + root as (to throw, to be) + -ta suffix

Prefixes: vi+pari

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Agrees with nāma (name), which is neuter.

यथा (yathā) - Introduces the clause explaining how the name was changed. (as, just as, how, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

Relative adverb

नाम (nāma) - The name of Kuvalāśva. (name, appellation)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of nāman

nāman - name, appellation, noun

Neuter n-stem noun

Note: Subject of the clause 'how the name was transformed.'

कुवलाश्वस्य (kuvalāśvasya) - Possessive, 'Kuvalāśva's name'. (of Kuvalāśva)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kuvalāśva

kuvalāśva - Kuvalāśva (proper name of a king)

Compound meaning 'one whose horses are water-lilies' (Kuvala + Aśva).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (kuvala+aśva)

• kuvala – water-lily, lotus
  noun (neuter)
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)

धीमतः (dhīmataḥ) - Describing King Kuvalāśva. (of the intelligent, of the wise, of the discerning)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dhīmat

dhīmat - intelligent, wise, discerning, thoughtful

Adjective, t-stem, derived from dhī (intellect) with matup suffix

Note: Agrees with kuvalāśvasya.