महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-192, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
युधिष्ठिरो धर्मराजः पप्रच्छ भरतर्षभ ।
मार्कण्डेयं तपोवृद्धं दीर्घायुषमकल्मषम् ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
yudhiṣṭhiro dharmarājaḥ papraccha bharatarṣabha ,
mārkaṇḍeyaṁ tapovṛddhaṁ dīrghāyuṣamakalmaṣam.

1. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca | yudhiṣṭhiraḥ dharmarājaḥ papraccha
bharatarṣabha mārkaṇḍeyam tapovṛddham dīrghāyuṣam akalmaṣam

1. Vaiśaṃpāyana said: Yudhiṣṭhira, the king of righteousness (dharma-rāja) and foremost among the Bhāratas, asked Mārkaṇḍeya, who was venerable due to his asceticism (tapas), long-lived, and sinless.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśaṃpāyana

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

• धर्मराजः (dharmarājaḥ) - An epithet for Yudhiṣṭhira. (king of righteousness (dharma))

• पप्रछ (papracha) - he asked

• भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - An epithet for Yudhiṣṭhira. (bull among the Bhāratas, foremost of the Bhāratas)

• मार्कण्डेयम् (mārkaṇḍeyam) - Mārkaṇḍeya

• तपोवृद्धम् (tapovṛddham) - venerable by asceticism (tapas), aged by penance

• दीर्घायुषम् (dīrghāyuṣam) - long-lived

• अकल्मषम् (akalmaṣam) - sinless, stainless, blameless

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśaṃpāyana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - name of a sage, a disciple of Vyāsa, narrator of the Mahābhārata

Note: Subject of uvāca.

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect active 3rd singular

Root vac (2nd class). Perfect form.

Root: vac (class 2)

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (eldest of the Pāṇḍavas, known for his steadfastness in battle and adherence to dharma)

steadfast in battle (yudhi sthira)

Compound type : tatpurusha (yudh+sthira)

• yudh – battle, fight, war
  noun (feminine)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable, fixed
  adjective (masculine)
  From root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Subject of papracha.

धर्मराजः (dharmarājaḥ) - An epithet for Yudhiṣṭhira. (king of righteousness (dharma))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmarāja

dharmarāja - king of righteousness, king of dharma, Yama (god of death and justice)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+rājan)

• dharma – righteousness, natural law, duty, constitution, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Apposition to Yudhiṣṭhira.

पप्रछ (papracha) - he asked

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of prach

Perfect active 3rd singular

Root prach (6th class). Perfect form.

Root: prach (class 6)

भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - An epithet for Yudhiṣṭhira. (bull among the Bhāratas, foremost of the Bhāratas)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bharatarṣabha

bharatarṣabha - best of the Bhāratas, bull of the Bhāratas, foremost among Bhāratas

Compound type : tatpurusha (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – descendant of Bharata, one of the Bharata lineage (a Kuru)
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, chief, excellent
  noun (masculine)

Note: Apposition to Yudhiṣṭhira.

मार्कण्डेयम् (mārkaṇḍeyam) - Mārkaṇḍeya

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mārkaṇḍeya

mārkaṇḍeya - name of an ancient sage, son of Mṛkaṇḍu, known for his longevity

Note: Object of papracha.

तपोवृद्धम् (tapovṛddham) - venerable by asceticism (tapas), aged by penance

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tapovṛddha

tapovṛddha - grown old through asceticism, venerable by penance, advanced in tapas

Compound type : tatpurusha (tapas+vṛddha)

• tapas – asceticism, penance, spiritual heat, self-discipline
  noun (neuter)
• vṛddha – old, aged, grown, increased, venerable
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root vṛdh (to grow)
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Modifies Mārkaṇḍeya.

दीर्घायुषम् (dīrghāyuṣam) - long-lived

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dīrghāyuṣ

dīrghāyuṣ - long-lived, having a long life

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dīrgha+āyuṣ)

• dīrgha – long, extensive
  adjective (masculine)
• āyuṣ – life, vital power, age
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies Mārkaṇḍeya.

अकल्मषम् (akalmaṣam) - sinless, stainless, blameless

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of akalmaṣa

akalmaṣa - sinless, stainless, blameless, pure

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+kalmaṣa)

• a – not, un-, without
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• kalmaṣa – stain, impurity, sin, defect
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies Mārkaṇḍeya.