महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-168, verse-20

एते मया महाघोराः संग्रामाः पर्युपासिताः ।
न चापि विगतज्ञानो भूतपूर्वोऽस्मि पाण्डव ॥२०॥

20. ete mayā mahāghorāḥ saṁgrāmāḥ paryupāsitāḥ ,
na cāpi vigatajñāno bhūtapūrvo'smi pāṇḍava.

20. ete mayā mahāghorāḥ saṅgrāmāḥ paryupāsitāḥ na
ca api vigatajñānaḥ bhūtapūrvaḥ asmi pāṇḍava

20. I participated in these very terrible battles. And, O son of Pāṇḍu, I have never before been deprived of knowledge.

Words meanings summery:

• एते (ete) - these

• मया (mayā) - by me

• महाघोराः (mahāghorāḥ) - very terrible, exceedingly dreadful

• सङ्ग्रामाः (saṅgrāmāḥ) - battles, wars

• पर्युपासिताः (paryupāsitāḥ) - I participated in/was present at these battles. (attended, served, participated in)

• न (na) - not

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• विगतज्ञानः (vigatajñānaḥ) - Not having lost my awareness or understanding. (deprived of knowledge, senseless, bewildered)

• भूतपूर्वः (bhūtapūrvaḥ) - Referring to a past state, 'I was formerly' (never deprived of knowledge). (formerly, in the past; one who was before)

• अस्मि (asmi) - I am, I exist

• पाण्डव (pāṇḍava) - Addressing Arjuna, son of Pāṇḍu. (O son of Pāṇḍu)

Words meanings and morphology

एते (ete) - these

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these (demonstrative pronoun)

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we (first person pronoun)

महाघोराः (mahāghorāḥ) - very terrible, exceedingly dreadful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahāghora

mahāghora - very dreadful, exceedingly terrible, awful

Compound formed with 'mahā' (great, very) and 'ghora' (terrible).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ghora)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective
  Compound prefix form of 'mahat'.
• ghora – dreadful, terrible, awful
  adjective

सङ्ग्रामाः (saṅgrāmāḥ) - battles, wars

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saṅgrāma

saṅgrāma - battle, combat, war

Prefix: sam

Root: gram (class 1)

पर्युपासिताः (paryupāsitāḥ) - I participated in/was present at these battles. (attended, served, participated in)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of paryupāsita

paryupāsita - attended, waited upon, served, resorted to, performed, engaged in

Past Passive Participle

Formed from the root √ās (to sit) with prefixes 'pari-' (around) and 'upa-' (near).

Prefixes: pari+upa

Root: ās (class 2)

Note: Functions as a past passive participle.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

विगतज्ञानः (vigatajñānaḥ) - Not having lost my awareness or understanding. (deprived of knowledge, senseless, bewildered)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vigatajñāna

vigatajñāna - deprived of knowledge, senseless, without understanding

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'vi-gata' (gone away) + 'jñāna' (knowledge).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vigata+jñāna)

• vigata – gone away, departed, lost
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From the root √gam (to go) with prefix 'vi-'.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: gam (class 1)
• jñāna – knowledge, understanding, consciousness
  noun (neuter)
  From the root √jñā (to know).
  Root: jñā (class 9)

भूतपूर्वः (bhūtapūrvaḥ) - Referring to a past state, 'I was formerly' (never deprived of knowledge). (formerly, in the past; one who was before)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhūtapūrva

bhūtapūrva - formerly, happened before, having been before

Tatpuruṣa compound: 'bhūta' (been, happened) + 'pūrva' (former).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhūta+pūrva)

• bhūta – been, become, existed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From the root √bhū (to be, become).
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• pūrva – former, prior, earlier
  adjective

Note: Functions with 'asmi' to indicate a state in the past.

अस्मि (asmi) - I am, I exist

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present 1st person singular

From the root √as (to be).

Root: as (class 2)

पाण्डव (pāṇḍava) - Addressing Arjuna, son of Pāṇḍu. (O son of Pāṇḍu)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, Arjuna

Patronymic from Pāṇḍu.