महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-168, verse-19

तथैव वृत्रस्य वधे संगृहीता हया मया ।
वैरोचनेर्मया युद्धं दृष्टं चापि सुदारुणम् ॥१९॥

19. tathaiva vṛtrasya vadhe saṁgṛhītā hayā mayā ,
vairocanermayā yuddhaṁ dṛṣṭaṁ cāpi sudāruṇam.

19. tathā eva vṛtrasya vadhe saṅgṛhītāḥ hayāḥ mayā
vairocaneḥ mayā yuddham dṛṣṭam ca api sudāruṇam

19. Similarly, during the slaying of Vṛtra, I controlled the horses. I also witnessed the very terrible battle of Virocana's son (Bali).

19. כך גם בהריגת וְרְטְרַה, אני הוא שאחז בסוסים. וראיתי גם את הקרב האיום מאוד נגד וַירוֹצ׳ַנִי (בַּלִי).

Words meanings summery:

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, similarly

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, only

• वृत्रस्य (vṛtrasya) - of Vṛtra

• वधे (vadhe) - in the slaying, in the killing

• सङ्गृहीताः (saṅgṛhītāḥ) - Controlled (the reins of) the horses. (held, grasped, controlled)

• हयाः (hayāḥ) - horses

• मया (mayā) - by me

• वैरोचनेः (vairocaneḥ) - Refers to Bali, who was the son of Virocana. (of Virocana's son)

• मया (mayā) - by me

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, fight

• दृष्टम् (dṛṣṭam) - seen, observed, witnessed

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• सुदारुणम् (sudāruṇam) - very terrible, exceedingly dreadful

Words meanings and morphology

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, similarly

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, just, only

(indeclinable)

वृत्रस्य (vṛtrasya) - of Vṛtra

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vṛtra

vṛtra - name of a demon, Indra's adversary

वधे (vadhe) - in the slaying, in the killing

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vadha

vadha - slaying, killing, striking

From the root √vadh (to strike, kill).

Root: vadh (class 1)

सङ्गृहीताः (saṅgṛhītāḥ) - Controlled (the reins of) the horses. (held, grasped, controlled)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saṅgṛhīta

saṅgṛhīta - collected, grasped, held, controlled, seized

Past Passive Participle

Formed from the root √grah (to seize, hold) with prefixes 'sam-' and 'gṛh-'.

Prefix: sam

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Functions as a past passive participle.

हयाः (hayāḥ) - horses

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of haya

haya - horse

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we (first person pronoun)

वैरोचनेः (vairocaneḥ) - Refers to Bali, who was the son of Virocana. (of Virocana's son)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vairocani

vairocani - son of Virocana (a name of Bali)

Patronymic (a secondary derivative) from Virocana.

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we (first person pronoun)

युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, fight

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

From the root √yudh (to fight).

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Could also be nominative, but accusative fits the 'seen' context better.

दृष्टम् (dṛṣṭam) - seen, observed, witnessed

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dṛṣṭa

dṛṣṭa - seen, perceived, observed

Past Passive Participle

Formed from the root √dṛś (to see).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Functions as a past passive participle.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

सुदारुणम् (sudāruṇam) - very terrible, exceedingly dreadful

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sudāruṇa

sudāruṇa - very dreadful, exceedingly terrible, frightful

Compound formed with 'su' (intensifying prefix, meaning very) and 'dāruṇa' (terrible).

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