महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-168, verse-19

तथैव वृत्रस्य वधे संगृहीता हया मया ।
वैरोचनेर्मया युद्धं दृष्टं चापि सुदारुणम् ॥१९॥

19. tathaiva vṛtrasya vadhe saṁgṛhītā hayā mayā ,
vairocanermayā yuddhaṁ dṛṣṭaṁ cāpi sudāruṇam.

19. tathā eva vṛtrasya vadhe saṅgṛhītāḥ hayāḥ mayā
vairocaneḥ mayā yuddham dṛṣṭam ca api sudāruṇam

19. Similarly, during the slaying of Vṛtra, I controlled the horses. I also witnessed the very terrible battle of Virocana's son (Bali).

Words meanings summery:

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, similarly

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, only

• वृत्रस्य (vṛtrasya) - of Vṛtra

• वधे (vadhe) - in the slaying, in the killing

• सङ्गृहीताः (saṅgṛhītāḥ) - Controlled (the reins of) the horses. (held, grasped, controlled)

• हयाः (hayāḥ) - horses

• मया (mayā) - by me

• वैरोचनेः (vairocaneḥ) - Refers to Bali, who was the son of Virocana. (of Virocana's son)

• मया (mayā) - by me

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, fight

• दृष्टम् (dṛṣṭam) - seen, observed, witnessed

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• सुदारुणम् (sudāruṇam) - very terrible, exceedingly dreadful

Words meanings and morphology

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, similarly

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, just, only

(indeclinable)

वृत्रस्य (vṛtrasya) - of Vṛtra

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vṛtra

vṛtra - name of a demon, Indra's adversary

वधे (vadhe) - in the slaying, in the killing

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vadha

vadha - slaying, killing, striking

From the root √vadh (to strike, kill).

Root: vadh (class 1)

सङ्गृहीताः (saṅgṛhītāḥ) - Controlled (the reins of) the horses. (held, grasped, controlled)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saṅgṛhīta

saṅgṛhīta - collected, grasped, held, controlled, seized

Past Passive Participle

Formed from the root √grah (to seize, hold) with prefixes 'sam-' and 'gṛh-'.

Prefix: sam

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Functions as a past passive participle.

हयाः (hayāḥ) - horses

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of haya

haya - horse

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we (first person pronoun)

वैरोचनेः (vairocaneḥ) - Refers to Bali, who was the son of Virocana. (of Virocana's son)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vairocani

vairocani - son of Virocana (a name of Bali)

Patronymic (a secondary derivative) from Virocana.

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we (first person pronoun)

युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, fight

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

From the root √yudh (to fight).

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Could also be nominative, but accusative fits the 'seen' context better.

दृष्टम् (dṛṣṭam) - seen, observed, witnessed

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dṛṣṭa

dṛṣṭa - seen, perceived, observed

Past Passive Participle

Formed from the root √dṛś (to see).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Functions as a past passive participle.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

सुदारुणम् (sudāruṇam) - very terrible, exceedingly dreadful

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sudāruṇa

sudāruṇa - very dreadful, exceedingly terrible, frightful

Compound formed with 'su' (intensifying prefix, meaning very) and 'dāruṇa' (terrible).