महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-168, verse-15

हस्ताद्धिरण्मयश्चास्य प्रतोदः प्रापतद्भुवि ।
असकृच्चाह मां भीतः क्वासीति भरतर्षभ ॥१५॥

15. hastāddhiraṇmayaścāsya pratodaḥ prāpatadbhuvi ,
asakṛccāha māṁ bhītaḥ kvāsīti bharatarṣabha.

15. hastāt hiraṇmayaḥ ca asya pratodaḥ prāpatat bhuvi
asakṛt ca āha mām bhītaḥ kva asi iti bharatarṣabha

15. From his hand, his golden goad also fell to the ground. Frightened, he repeatedly asked me, 'Where are you, O bull among the Bharatas (bharatarṣabha)?'

Words meanings summery:

• हस्तात् (hastāt) - from the hand

• हिरण्मयः (hiraṇmayaḥ) - golden, made of gold

• च (ca) - and

• अस्य (asya) - his, of this

• प्रतोदः (pratodaḥ) - goad, whip

• प्रापतत् (prāpatat) - fell, fell down

• भुवि (bhuvi) - on the ground, on the earth

• असकृत् (asakṛt) - repeatedly, often, many times

• च (ca) - and

• आह (āha) - he said, spoke

• माम् (mām) - to me

• भीतः (bhītaḥ) - frightened, scared

• क्व (kva) - where?

• असि (asi) - you are

• इति (iti) - thus, (marks a quotation)

• भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of Bharatas, O bull among Bharatas

Words meanings and morphology

हस्तात् (hastāt) - from the hand

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of hasta

hasta - hand, trunk (of an elephant), cubit (measure)

हिरण्मयः (hiraṇmayaḥ) - golden, made of gold

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hiraṇmaya

hiraṇmaya - golden, made of gold

Derived from 'hiraṇya' with suffix '-maya'

Note: Agrees with 'pratodaḥ'

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अस्य (asya) - his, of this

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, it

Note: Refers to Matali

प्रतोदः (pratodaḥ) - goad, whip

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratoda

pratoda - goad, whip, a prick or stimulus

From 'pra-tud' (to prick, push)

Prefix: pra

Root: tud (class 6)

प्रापतत् (prāpatat) - fell, fell down

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of pra-pat

Imperfect tense (laṅ) form, 3rd person singular, with prefix 'pra'

Prefix: pra

Root: pat (class 1)

भुवि (bhuvi) - on the ground, on the earth

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhū

bhū - earth, ground, land, world

असकृत् (asakṛt) - repeatedly, often, many times

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

आह (āha) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of ah

Perfect tense (liṭ) form, 3rd person singular

Root: ah (class 2)

माम् (mām) - to me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of aham

aham - I

भीतः (bhītaḥ) - frightened, scared

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīta

bhīta - frightened, scared, fearful

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'bhī' (to fear)

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject (Matali)

क्व (kva) - where?

(indeclinable)

असि (asi) - you are

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present tense (laṭ) form, 2nd person singular

Root: as (class 2)

इति (iti) - thus, (marks a quotation)

(indeclinable)

भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of Bharatas, O bull among Bharatas

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatarṣabha

bharatarṣabha - best of Bharatas, bull among Bharatas (an epithet for eminent warriors in the Bharata lineage)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – a descendant of Bharata, a member of the Bharata lineage
  proper noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, best
  noun (masculine)

Note: Addressed to Rama or another prominent warrior