महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-168, verse-14

तमसा संवृते लोके घोरेण परुषेण च ।
तुरगा विमुखाश्चासन्प्रास्खलच्चापि मातलिः ॥१४॥

14. tamasā saṁvṛte loke ghoreṇa paruṣeṇa ca ,
turagā vimukhāścāsanprāskhalaccāpi mātaliḥ.

14. tamasā saṃvṛte loke ghoreṇa paruṣeṇa ca turagā
vimukhāḥ ca āsan prāskhalat ca api mātaliḥ

14. As the world was enveloped by dreadful and harsh darkness, the horses turned away, and Mātali himself stumbled.

Words meanings summery:

• तमसा (tamasā) - by darkness

• संवृते (saṁvṛte) - covered, enveloped, hidden

• लोके (loke) - in the world, in the realm

• घोरेण (ghoreṇa) - by dreadful, terrible

• परुषेण (paruṣeṇa) - by harsh, rough, cruel

• च (ca) - and

• तुरगा (turagā) - horses

• विमुखाः (vimukhāḥ) - turned away, averted, facing backward

• च (ca) - and

• आसन् (āsan) - they were

• प्रास्खलत् (prāskhalat) - slipped, stumbled

• च (ca) - and

• अपि (api) - also, even

• मातलिः (mātaliḥ) - Mātali (Indra's charioteer) (Mātali)

Words meanings and morphology

तमसा (tamasā) - by darkness

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, gloom, ignorance

संवृते (saṁvṛte) - covered, enveloped, hidden

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of saṃvṛta

saṁvṛta - covered, enveloped, closed, hidden

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root 'vṛ' with prefix 'sam'

Prefix: sam

Root: vṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'loke'

लोके (loke) - in the world, in the realm

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, realm, people, space

घोरेण (ghoreṇa) - by dreadful, terrible

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of ghora

ghora - dreadful, terrible, fearful, formidable

Note: Agrees with 'tamasā'

परुषेण (paruṣeṇa) - by harsh, rough, cruel

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of paruṣa

paruṣa - harsh, rough, cruel, severe

Note: Agrees with 'tamasā'

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

तुरगा (turagā) - horses

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of turaga

turaga - horse

विमुखाः (vimukhāḥ) - turned away, averted, facing backward

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vimukha

vimukha - turned away, averted, hostile, facing the wrong way

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+mukha)

• vi – apart, away, without
  prefix
• mukha – face, mouth, front
  noun (neuter)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

आसन् (āsan) - they were

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of as

Imperfect tense (laṅ) form, 3rd person plural

Root: as (class 2)

प्रास्खलत् (prāskhalat) - slipped, stumbled

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of pra-skhal

Imperfect tense (laṅ) form, 3rd person singular, with prefix 'pra'

Prefix: pra

Root: skhal (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

मातलिः (mātaliḥ) - Mātali (Indra's charioteer) (Mātali)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mātali

mātali - Mātali (name of Indra's charioteer)