महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-131, verse-9

प्रमृते मयि धर्मात्मन्पुत्रदारं नशिष्यति ।
रक्षमाणः कपोतं त्वं बहून्प्राणान्नशिष्यसि ॥९॥

9. pramṛte mayi dharmātmanputradāraṁ naśiṣyati ,
rakṣamāṇaḥ kapotaṁ tvaṁ bahūnprāṇānnaśiṣyasi.

9. pramṛte mayi dharmātman putradāram naśiṣyati
rakṣamāṇaḥ kapotam tvam bahūn prāṇān naśiṣyasi

9. O virtuous one (dharmātman), if I perish, my children and wife will die. By protecting this pigeon, you will be responsible for the loss of many lives.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रमृते (pramṛte) - when dead, having died, having perished

• मयि (mayi) - in me, on me, regarding me

• धर्मात्मन् (dharmātman) - O virtuous one, O righteous one

• पुत्रदारम् (putradāram) - children and wife, sons and wife

• नशिष्यति (naśiṣyati) - will perish, will be destroyed, will die

• रक्षमाणः (rakṣamāṇaḥ) - protecting, guarding, saving

• कपोतम् (kapotam) - pigeon

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• बहून् (bahūn) - many

• प्राणान् (prāṇān) - the lives of the hawk's family members (lives, vital breaths, vital airs)

• नशिष्यसि (naśiṣyasi) - you will be responsible for the loss of (will perish, will be lost, will cause to be lost)

Words meanings and morphology

प्रमृते (pramṛte) - when dead, having died, having perished

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of pramṛta

pramṛta - dead, deceased, perished

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `mṛ` (to die) with prefix `pra-`.

Prefix: pra

Root: mṛ (class 6)

Note: Used here in locative absolute construction with 'mayi'.

मयि (mayi) - in me, on me, regarding me

(pronoun)

Locative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Part of a locative absolute phrase (`pramṛte mayi`).

धर्मात्मन् (dharmātman) - O virtuous one, O righteous one

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dharmātman

dharmātman - virtuous, righteous, one whose intrinsic nature (dharma) is goodness

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dharma+ātman)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Addressing the listener as one with a virtuous nature (dharma).

पुत्रदारम् (putradāram) - children and wife, sons and wife

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of putradāra

putradāra - children and wife, sons and wife

Compound type : dvandva (putra+dāra)

• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)
• dāra – wife
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to the collective family of the speaker (hawk).

नशिष्यति (naśiṣyati) - will perish, will be destroyed, will die

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of naś

Future tense

Root `naś` (class 4) forms future `naśiṣyati`.

Root: naś (class 4)

रक्षमाणः (rakṣamāṇaḥ) - protecting, guarding, saving

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rakṣamāṇa

rakṣamāṇa - one who is protecting, protecting

Present Middle Participle

From root `rakṣ` (class 1).

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `tvam` (you).

कपोतम् (kapotam) - pigeon

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kapota

kapota - pigeon, dove

Note: Object of `rakṣamāṇaḥ`.

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular or plural)

Note: Subject of `naśiṣyasi`.

बहून् (bahūn) - many

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bahu

bahu - many, much, numerous

Note: Qualifies `prāṇān`.

प्राणान् (prāṇān) - the lives of the hawk's family members (lives, vital breaths, vital airs)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of prāṇa

prāṇa - breath, life, vital air, vital principle

From `pra-an` (to breathe forth).

Prefix: pra

Root: an (class 2)

Note: Object of `naśiṣyasi`. Here, refers to the lives dependent on the hawk.

नशिष्यसि (naśiṣyasi) - you will be responsible for the loss of (will perish, will be lost, will cause to be lost)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of naś

Future tense

Root `naś` (class 4). Used here in the sense of 'cause to be lost', implying responsibility.

Root: naś (class 4)