महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-131, verse-11

विरोधिषु महीपाल निश्चित्य गुरुलाघवम् ।
न बाधा विद्यते यत्र तं धर्मं समुदाचरेत् ॥११॥

11. virodhiṣu mahīpāla niścitya gurulāghavam ,
na bādhā vidyate yatra taṁ dharmaṁ samudācaret.

11. virodhiṣu mahīpāla niścitya gurulāghavam na
bādhā vidyate yatra tam dharmam samudācaret

11. O King (mahīpāla), among conflicting principles, having determined the relative importance and insignificance, one should practice that natural law (dharma) where no obstruction (bādhā) arises.

Words meanings summery:

• विरोधिषु (virodhiṣu) - among opposing (things/duties), in conflicting situations

• महीपाल (mahīpāla) - O king, O protector of the earth

• निश्चित्य (niścitya) - having ascertained, having determined, having decided

• गुरुलाघवम् (gurulāghavam) - the relative importance and unimportance, gravity and lightness, weight and insignificance

• न (na) - not

• बाधा (bādhā) - obstruction, hindrance, suffering

• विद्यते (vidyate) - exists, is found, is present

• यत्र (yatra) - where, in which case

• तम् (tam) - that

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law, duty, righteousness

• समुदाचरेत् (samudācaret) - one should practice, one should perform, one should pursue

Words meanings and morphology

विरोधिषु (virodhiṣu) - among opposing (things/duties), in conflicting situations

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of virodhin

virodhin - opposing, contradictory, hostile, conflicting

agent noun/adjective from verb

From `vi-rudh` (to obstruct, oppose) + `ini` suffix.

Prefix: vi

Root: rudh (class 7)

Note: Adjectival use with an implied noun like 'dharmeṣu' (in duties).

महीपाल (mahīpāla) - O king, O protector of the earth

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahīpāla

mahīpāla - king, protector of the earth

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahī+pāla)

• mahī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• pāla – protector, guardian
  noun (masculine)
  From root `pā` (to protect).
  Root: pā (class 1)

निश्चित्य (niścitya) - having ascertained, having determined, having decided

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From `ni-ci` (to ascertain, determine) + `lyap` suffix.

Prefix: ni

Root: ci (class 5)

गुरुलाघवम् (gurulāghavam) - the relative importance and unimportance, gravity and lightness, weight and insignificance

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of gurulāghava

gurulāghava - relative importance/unimportance, weight/lightness, gravity/insignificance

Compound type : dvandva (guru+lāghava)

• guru – heavy, important, teacher
  adjective (masculine)
• lāghava – lightness, insignificance, quickness, agility
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from `laghu` (light, insignificant).

Note: Object of `niścitya`.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

बाधा (bādhā) - obstruction, hindrance, suffering

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bādhā

bādhā - obstruction, hindrance, oppression, injury, suffering

From root `bādh` (to obstruct).

Root: bādh (class 1)

Note: Subject of `vidyate`.

विद्यते (vidyate) - exists, is found, is present

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vid

Present tense

Root `vid` (class 4, ātmanepada) in the sense of 'to exist'.

Root: vid (class 4)

यत्र (yatra) - where, in which case

(indeclinable)

Locative of `yad` (relative pronoun).

Note: Connects to the preceding clause.

तम् (tam) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to `dharmam`.

धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law, duty, righteousness

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, intrinsic nature

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of `samudācaret`.

समुदाचरेत् (samudācaret) - one should practice, one should perform, one should pursue

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of samudācar

Optative mood

From root `car` (to move, to practice) with prefixes `sam-`, `ud-`, `ā-`.

Prefixes: sam+ud+ā

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Expresses advice or recommendation.