महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-131, verse-1

श्येन उवाच ।
धर्मात्मानं त्वाहुरेकं सर्वे राजन्महीक्षितः ।
स वै धर्मविरुद्धं त्वं कस्मात्कर्म चिकीर्षसि ॥१॥

1. śyena uvāca ,
dharmātmānaṁ tvāhurekaṁ sarve rājanmahīkṣitaḥ ,
sa vai dharmaviruddhaṁ tvaṁ kasmātkarma cikīrṣasi.

1. śyena uvāca | dharmātmānam tu āhuḥ ekam sarve rājan mahīkṣitaḥ
| sa vai dharma-viruddham tvam kasmāt karma cikīrṣasi

1. The hawk said, "O King, all rulers consider you uniquely a man of virtuous character (dharmātmānam). Why then do you wish to perform an action (karma) that is contrary to natural law (dharma)?"

Words meanings summery:

• श्येन (śyena) - hawk, falcon

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• धर्मात्मानम् (dharmātmānam) - a virtuous soul, one whose nature is righteousness

• तु (tu) - indeed, but, however

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they call

• एकम् (ekam) - one, unique, alone

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• महीक्षितः (mahīkṣitaḥ) - rulers, kings

• स (sa) - that, he, then

• वै (vai) - indeed, verily

• धर्म-विरुद्धम् (dharma-viruddham) - contrary to righteousness, unlawful

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what

• कर्म (karma) - action, deed

• चिकीर्षसि (cikīrṣasi) - you wish to do/perform

Words meanings and morphology

श्येन (śyena) - hawk, falcon

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śyena

śyena - hawk, falcon

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

धर्मात्मानम् (dharmātmānam) - a virtuous soul, one whose nature is righteousness

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharmātman

dharmātman - one whose nature (ātman) is righteousness (dharma), virtuous

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+ātman)

• dharma – righteousness, natural law, constitution, duty
  noun (masculine)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit
  noun (masculine)

तु (tu) - indeed, but, however

(indeclinable)

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they call

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of ah

Root: ah (class 2)

एकम् (ekam) - one, unique, alone

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of eka

eka - one, unique, sole

सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

महीक्षितः (mahīkṣitaḥ) - rulers, kings

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahīkṣit

mahīkṣit - king, ruler (literally, "dweller of the earth")

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahī+kṣit)

• mahī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• kṣit – dwelling, inhabiting, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  derived from root `kṣi` (to dwell, to rule)
  Root: kṣi (class 1)

स (sa) - that, he, then

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

वै (vai) - indeed, verily

(indeclinable)

धर्म-विरुद्धम् (dharma-viruddham) - contrary to righteousness, unlawful

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dharma-viruddha

dharma-viruddha - contrary to (dharma), opposing righteousness

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+viruddha)

• dharma – righteousness, natural law, duty
  noun (masculine)
• viruddha – opposed, contrary, hindered
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  root `rudh` (to obstruct, hinder) with prefix `vi`
  Prefix: vi
  Root: rudh (class 7)

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who

कर्म (karma) - action, deed

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action (karma), deed, work

चिकीर्षसि (cikīrṣasi) - you wish to do/perform

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (lat) of cikīrṣ

desiderative verb

desiderative of `kṛ` (to do)

Root: kṛ (class 8)