महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-131, verse-28

श्येन उवाच ।
इन्द्रोऽहमस्मि धर्मज्ञ कपोतो हव्यवाडयम् ।
जिज्ञासमानौ धर्मे त्वां यज्ञवाटमुपागतौ ॥२८॥

28. śyena uvāca ,
indro'hamasmi dharmajña kapoto havyavāḍayam ,
jijñāsamānau dharme tvāṁ yajñavāṭamupāgatau.

28. śyenaḥ uvāca | indraḥ aham asmi dharmajña kapotaḥ havya-vāṭ
ayam | jijñāsamānau dharme tvām yajña-vāṭam upāgatau

28. The hawk said: "O knower of natural law (dharma)! I am Indra, and this pigeon here is Agni. We have both come to this sacrificial ground (yajña-vāṭa), seeking to test you regarding your adherence to natural law (dharma)."

Words meanings summery:

• श्येनः (śyenaḥ) - the hawk (hawk, eagle)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• इन्द्रः (indraḥ) - Indra (Indra (chief of the gods))

• अहम् (aham) - I

• अस्मि (asmi) - am (am, I am)

• धर्मज्ञ (dharmajña) - O knower of natural law (dharma) (O knower of dharma/natural law)

• कपोतः (kapotaḥ) - the pigeon (pigeon, dove)

• हव्य-वाट् (havya-vāṭ) - Agni (the fire god) (carrier of oblations, Agni (fire god))

• अयम् (ayam) - this one (referring to the pigeon) (this (masculine))

• जिज्ञासमानौ (jijñāsamānau) - desiring to test (desiring to know, wishing to test)

• धर्मे (dharme) - in regard to your natural law (dharma) (in natural law (dharma), in duty)

• त्वाम् (tvām) - you (the king) (you)

• यज्ञ-वाटम् (yajña-vāṭam) - to this sacrificial ground (yajña-vāṭa) (sacrificial ground, enclosure for a yajña (yajña))

• उपागतौ (upāgatau) - have approached, have come (having approached, having arrived)

Words meanings and morphology

श्येनः (śyenaḥ) - the hawk (hawk, eagle)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śyena

śyena - hawk, eagle, falcon

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

3rd person singular, perfect active, from root vac

Root: vac (class 2)

इन्द्रः (indraḥ) - Indra (Indra (chief of the gods))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of indra

indra - Indra, the chief of the gods

Note: Predicate nominative for 'aham'.

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of aham

aham - I, myself

Note: Subject of 'asmi'.

अस्मि (asmi) - am (am, I am)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present Active

1st person singular, present active, from root as (to be)

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Linking verb.

धर्मज्ञ (dharmajña) - O knower of natural law (dharma) (O knower of dharma/natural law)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dharmajña

dharmajña - knower of dharma/natural law

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+jña)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue
  noun (masculine)
• jña – knowing, understanding
  adjective (masculine)
  suffix from root jñā (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Address to the king.

कपोतः (kapotaḥ) - the pigeon (pigeon, dove)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kapota

kapota - pigeon, dove

Note: Subject for 'havya-vāṭ ayam'.

हव्य-वाट् (havya-vāṭ) - Agni (the fire god) (carrier of oblations, Agni (fire god))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of havya-vāh

havya-vāh - carrier of oblations, Agni

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (havya+vāh)

• havya – oblation, offering
  noun (neuter)
  Gerundive
  Gerundive (karmaṇya) from root hu (to offer)
  Root: hu (class 3)
• vāh – carrier, bearer
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun from root vah (to carry)
  Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Predicate nominative for 'ayam'.

अयम् (ayam) - this one (referring to the pigeon) (this (masculine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Refers to 'kapotaḥ'.

जिज्ञासमानौ (jijñāsamānau) - desiring to test (desiring to know, wishing to test)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of jijñāsamāna

jijñāsamāna - desiring to know, wishing to test

Present Middle Participle (Desiderative)

Present middle participle of desiderative of root jñā (to know) - (jñā + san + śānac)

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Qualifies the implied 'we two' (Indra and Agni).

धर्मे (dharme) - in regard to your natural law (dharma) (in natural law (dharma), in duty)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue

Note: Refers to the sphere of testing.

त्वाम् (tvām) - you (the king) (you)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Object of 'jijñāsamānau'.

यज्ञ-वाटम् (yajña-vāṭam) - to this sacrificial ground (yajña-vāṭa) (sacrificial ground, enclosure for a yajña (yajña))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yajña-vāṭa

yajña-vāṭa - sacrificial ground, place of sacrifice

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yajña+vāṭa)

• yajña – sacrifice, oblation, worship
  noun (masculine)
• vāṭa – enclosure, ground, garden
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of motion for 'upāgatau'.

उपागतौ (upāgatau) - have approached, have come (having approached, having arrived)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of upāgata

upāgata - approached, arrived, come near

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root gam with prefixes upa- and ā-

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Acts as a finite verb in this context, referring to Indra and Agni.