महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-131, verse-12

गुरुलाघवमाज्ञाय धर्माधर्मविनिश्चये ।
यतो भूयांस्ततो राजन्कुरु धर्मविनिश्चयम् ॥१२॥

12. gurulāghavamājñāya dharmādharmaviniścaye ,
yato bhūyāṁstato rājankuru dharmaviniścayam.

12. gurulāghavam ājñāya dharmādharma viniścaye
yataḥ bhūyān tataḥ rājan kuru dharmaviniścayam

12. O King (rājan), having understood the relative importance and insignificance in deciding what is natural law (dharma) and unnatural law (adharma), make your decision regarding natural law (dharma) based on whichever side yields a greater benefit.

Words meanings summery:

• गुरुलाघवम् (gurulāghavam) - the relative importance and unimportance, gravity and lightness, weight and insignificance

• आज्ञाय (ājñāya) - having known, having understood, having discerned

• धर्माधर्म (dharmādharma) - natural law and unnatural law, right and wrong

• विनिश्चये (viniścaye) - in the determination, in the decision

• यतः (yataḥ) - from which, whence, because, on which account

• भूयान् (bhūyān) - whichever side yields a greater (benefit/good) (more, greater, abundant)

• ततः (tataḥ) - from that, thence, therefore

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• कुरु (kuru) - do, make, perform

• धर्मविनिश्चयम् (dharmaviniścayam) - decision regarding natural law, determination of duty

Words meanings and morphology

गुरुलाघवम् (gurulāghavam) - the relative importance and unimportance, gravity and lightness, weight and insignificance

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of gurulāghava

gurulāghava - relative importance/unimportance, weight/lightness, gravity/insignificance

Compound type : dvandva (guru+lāghava)

• guru – heavy, important, teacher
  adjective (masculine)
• lāghava – lightness, insignificance, quickness, agility
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from `laghu` (light, insignificant).

Note: Object of `ājñāya`.

आज्ञाय (ājñāya) - having known, having understood, having discerned

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From `ā-jñā` (to know, to understand) + `lyap` suffix.

Prefix: ā

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Indicates a prior action to 'make your decision'.

धर्माधर्म (dharmādharma) - natural law and unnatural law, right and wrong

(noun)

masculine, singular of dharmādharma

dharmādharma - natural law (dharma) and unnatural law (adharma), right and wrong

Dvandva compound of `dharma` and `adharma`.

Compound type : dvandva (dharma+adharma)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• adharma – unnatural law, unrighteousness, wrong, impiety
  noun (masculine)
  Negative compound of `dharma` with prefix `a-`.
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: First part of the compound `dharmādharmaviniścaye`.

विनिश्चये (viniścaye) - in the determination, in the decision

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of viniścaya

viniścaya - determination, decision, ascertainment, resolution

From `vi-ni-ci` (to determine).

Prefixes: vi+ni

Root: ci (class 5)

Note: The entire compound `dharmādharmaviniścaye` is in the locative case, meaning 'in the determination of dharma and adharma'.

यतः (yataḥ) - from which, whence, because, on which account

(indeclinable)

Ablative of `yad` (relative pronoun).

भूयान् (bhūyān) - whichever side yields a greater (benefit/good) (more, greater, abundant)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhūyas

bhūyas - more, greater, larger, abundant

Comparative form of `bahu` (much, many).

Note: Implies 'where there is more' (of good or benefit).

ततः (tataḥ) - from that, thence, therefore

(indeclinable)

Ablative of `tad` (demonstrative pronoun).

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

कुरु (kuru) - do, make, perform

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of kṛ

Imperative mood

Root `kṛ` (class 8).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Addressed to the King.

धर्मविनिश्चयम् (dharmaviniścayam) - decision regarding natural law, determination of duty

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharmaviniścaya

dharmaviniścaya - determination of natural law (dharma), decision regarding duty

Tatpurusha compound: `dharmasya viniścayaḥ` (determination of dharma).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+viniścaya)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• viniścaya – determination, decision, ascertainment, resolution
  noun (masculine)
  From `vi-ni-ci` (to determine).
  Prefixes: vi+ni
  Root: ci (class 5)

Note: Object of the imperative verb `kuru`.