महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-131, verse-5

प्रस्पन्दमानः संभ्रान्तः कपोतः श्येन लक्ष्यते ।
मत्सकाशं जीवितार्थी तस्य त्यागो विगर्हितः ॥५॥

5. praspandamānaḥ saṁbhrāntaḥ kapotaḥ śyena lakṣyate ,
matsakāśaṁ jīvitārthī tasya tyāgo vigarhitaḥ.

5. praspandamānaḥ saṃbhrāntaḥ kapotaḥ śyena lakṣyate
matsakāśam jīvitārthī tasya tyāgaḥ vigarhitaḥ

5. A trembling, bewildered dove, targeted by a hawk, has come to my presence, seeking to preserve its life. Abandoning such a one is reprehensible.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रस्पन्दमानः (praspandamānaḥ) - trembling, quivering, throbbing

• संभ्रान्तः (saṁbhrāntaḥ) - bewildered, agitated, confused, greatly disturbed

• कपोतः (kapotaḥ) - dove, pigeon

• श्येन (śyena) - by a hawk

• लक्ष्यते (lakṣyate) - is seen, is observed, is targeted

• मत्सकाशम् (matsakāśam) - to my presence, to me

• जीवितार्थी (jīvitārthī) - desiring life, seeking refuge for life

• तस्य (tasya) - his, its, of that

• त्यागः (tyāgaḥ) - abandonment, renunciation, giving up

• विगर्हितः (vigarhitaḥ) - reprehensible, condemned, censured

Words meanings and morphology

प्रस्पन्दमानः (praspandamānaḥ) - trembling, quivering, throbbing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of praspandamāna

praspandamāna - trembling, throbbing, quivering, agitated

Present Active Participle

Derived from root spand (to throb, quiver) with prefix pra-, and śānac suffix.

Prefix: pra

Root: spand (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'kapotaḥ'.

संभ्रान्तः (saṁbhrāntaḥ) - bewildered, agitated, confused, greatly disturbed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃbhrānta

saṁbhrānta - greatly agitated, bewildered, confused, alarmed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root bhram (to wander, be confused) with prefix sam-, and kta suffix.

Prefix: sam

Root: bhram (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'kapotaḥ'.

कपोतः (kapotaḥ) - dove, pigeon

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kapota

kapota - dove, pigeon

Note: Subject of 'lakṣyate'.

श्येन (śyena) - by a hawk

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śyena

śyena - hawk, eagle

Note: Agent in a passive construction ('lakṣyate'). Instrumental singular ending 'a' is seen in epic Sanskrit.

लक्ष्यते (lakṣyate) - is seen, is observed, is targeted

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of lakṣ

Present tense

Passive voice, present tense, 3rd person singular of root lakṣ (often 10th class or derived, but here passive form).

Root: lakṣ (class 1)

मत्सकाशम् (matsakāśam) - to my presence, to me

(indeclinable)

Adverbial accusative of matsakāśa.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mad+sakāśa)

• mad – I, my
  pronoun
• sakāśa – presence, vicinity, proximity
  noun (masculine)

Note: Functions adverbially, indicating direction.

जीवितार्थी (jīvitārthī) - desiring life, seeking refuge for life

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jīvitārthin

jīvitārthin - desiring life, one who seeks life

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jīvita+arthin)

• jīvita – life, livelihood; lived, alive
  noun (neuter)
• arthin – desiring, requesting, applicant
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root arth (to ask, desire).
  Root: arth (class 10)

Note: Qualifies 'kapotaḥ' (implied).

तस्य (tasya) - his, its, of that

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the dove.

त्यागः (tyāgaḥ) - abandonment, renunciation, giving up

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tyāga

tyāga - abandonment, renunciation, sacrifice, giving up

Derived from root tyaj + ghañ suffix.

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'vigarhitaḥ'.

विगर्हितः (vigarhitaḥ) - reprehensible, condemned, censured

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vigarhita

vigarhita - censured, blamed, reprehensible

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root garh (to blame) with prefix vi-, and kta suffix.

Prefix: vi

Root: garh (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'tyāgaḥ'.